An Assessment of the Need for Native Seeds and the Capacity for Their Supply Interim Report (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Native seeds are also in demand for applications in urban land management, roadside maintenance, conservation agriculture, and other restorative activities that take into account the connection between native plant communities and the increasingly urgent need for resilient landscapes. Given the varied climatic and environmental niches of the more than 17,000 native plant species of the United States, supplying the desired seed types and species mixes for this wide range of activities is a challenge.
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Many are signatories to the National Seed Strategy and are represented on the federal liaison committee to the Plant Conservation Alliance, a public–private partnership whose goal is to ensure that native plant populations and their communities are maintained, enhanced, and restored. The use of seeds from native plants is generally necessary for landscape restoration on federal land or else is, in the case of some multiple-use public lands agencies (e.g., BLM)
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For most plant species the specimens that have been formally collected from the wild and made available to the native seed industry do not represent the full range of genetic diversity contained among wild populations of these plants. The Seeds of Success program is the largest coordinated effort to collect diverse native species and populations for seed banking, research, plant materials development, and ecological restoration.
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Large-scale field cultivation of native seeds is most common in the Western United States where seed demand by public land management agencies after wildfires drives the market. Field production also occurs in the Midwest, East, and South to meet regional needs.
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Examples of these ancillary influences include the National Seed Strategy and state and regional native plant materials development programs to support native seed use in restoration; the Burned Area Emergency Response Program and Burned Area Rehabilitation funds for postfire assistance; the U.S. Department of Transportation's funds and guidance for state highway departments; the U.S.
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The seed market in the western United States is strongly affected by decision making by the large land management agencies, such as the BLM and USFS. Federal land management agencies strongly influence the market for native seeds.
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. Across all native seed buyers with their range of budget levels and purchase objectives, the willingness to pay for native seeds ranges from a high willingness for buyers with well-funded projects with specific restoration objectives to a low willingness for less well-funded projects with more flexible objectives.
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states, where the federal government manages more than 40 percent of all land, the largest users of native seeds in the Midwest and eastern United States are smaller entities: state, county, and municipal agencies; nonprofits; and public–private partnerships addressing such issues as pollinator conservation, wildlife habitat, invasive species control, and farmland nutrient management in addition to basic ecological restoration. Hurricanes and flooding are creating a demand for large-scale restoration and resiliency planning in the eastern United States, analogous to the fire-driven demand on western U
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Some information about seed purchases acquired for restoration purposes currently exists, for example, in the BLM consolidated seed buy and indefinite delivery/quantity contract records, USFS seed cleaning records, and Association of Official Seed Certifying Agencies seed certification records. These records will need to be analyzed by the committee.
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Information will also be needed from other key players in the seed supply chain, including Seeds of Success and its collaborators, other seed collectors, collection permit issuers, seed cleaners and extractors, germplasm developers, seed analysts and certifiers, seed banks, seed warehouses, seed consolidators, and vendors. Input from these entities can further inform the committee's understanding of the seed supply chain and its limitations.
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