Equity Analysis in Regional Transportation Planning Processes, Volume 1: Guide (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 41-51
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From page 41... ...
41 By identifying underserved persons in Step 1 and determining their needs in Step 2, an agency begins to know what benefits underserved persons need or which burdens they want to avoid. The next step in conducting an equity analysis is to assess the impacts of the agency's proposed actions (such as plans, programs, or projects)
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42 Equity Analysis in Regional Transportation Planning Processes include the amount of money spent on transit projects, the miles of sidewalk constructed, and the number of safety countermeasures projects. • Outcomes are the "results or impacts of a particular activity that are of most interest to system users" because the outcomes measure the system users' experience (FHWA 2016)
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Step 3: Measure Impacts of Proposed Agency Activity 43 Benefits Sample Output Indicators Sample Outcome Indicators Travel-time reductions Dollars invested in projects to improve system efficiency Average commute travel times Number of jobs accessible in 30-minute commute Congestion reductions Dollars invested in projects to improve system efficiency Vehicle/person-hours of delay Congested lane-miles Passenger/freight throughput Safety improvements Dollars invested in countermeasures Numbers of countermeasure projects Decreases in injuries and fatalities Travel option improvements Transit hours of service and service frequencies Sidewalk network coverage Bike lane network coverage Number of jobs accessible in 30-minute transit commute Infrastructure condition Dollars invested in maintenance Roadway and sidewalk condition Burdens Sample Output Indicators Sample Outcome Indicators A denial of, reduction in, or delay in the receipt of benefits See the indicators listed in the benefit rows See the indicators listed in the benefit rows Air or water pollution Number of CMAQ-funded projects Exposure to mobile source air emissions Displacement of persons or businesses Number of households and businesses within or adjacent to proposed roadway expansion corridors Number of households or businesses displaced or rendered less accessible (usually not known until project design but can be estimated prior to that) Loss of access to transit Number of transit stops removed Reduced frequency or coverage of transit routes Number of households with no access to transit Destruction/disruption of community resources, cohesion, or economic vitality, including access to key destinations Density of walkable intersections Pedestrian network connectivity index Ratio of high- to low-stress streets (using a pedestrian level-of-trafficstress index tool)
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From page 44... ...
44 Equity Analysis in Regional Transportation Planning Processes on this reasoning for future analyses and when communicating the decisions to the public, stakeholders, and agency decision makers. Be aware of indicators studied and involved in developing solutions to address any identified disparate impacts/DHAE and, in general, the needs and concerns of underserved persons.
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Step 3: Measure Impacts of Proposed Agency Activity 45 geographic area and allocating investments by users. Both approaches not only fulfill federal requirements but also encourage agencies to conduct a meaningful equity analysis.
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From page 46... ...
46 Equity Analysis in Regional Transportation Planning Processes If additional underserved population groups are being considered in the equity analysis, be sure to include each population and its control group as a row for each measure.
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Step 3: Measure Impacts of Proposed Agency Activity 47 lower levels of usage may reflect lower investment, and that low usage does not preclude the potential use of a future investment. This is a common occurrence with bicycle and pedestrian projects, for which agencies must first invest in a safe and connected network of facilities before cyclists and pedestrians feel comfortable using those facilities.
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48 Equity Analysis in Regional Transportation Planning Processes can build off the trip characteristics (such as travel times) to assess accessibility.
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Step 3: Measure Impacts of Proposed Agency Activity 49 Percentage of Population with Reasonable Access to Important Destinations The agency may want to understand how many people (and how many of each population group) live within a reasonable travel time of major destinations such as colleges, hospitals, grocery stores, or major retail destinations.
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50 Equity Analysis in Regional Transportation Planning Processes Current conditions are included to help fulfill FHWA EJ guidance that the analysis consider "the cumulative effect of a decision in combination with past actions and all other reasonably foreseeable future actions" (FHWA 2015)
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Step 3: Measure Impacts of Proposed Agency Activity 51 MATPB.
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