Advancing Nutrition and Food Science 80th Anniversary of the Food and Nutrition Board: Proceedings of a Symposium (2020) / Chapter Skim
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6 Participant Discussion: Future Directions for the Food and Nutrition Board
6 Participant Discussion: Future Directions for the Food and Nutrition Board
Pages 45-60
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From page 45... ...
The second panel, presented by Barbara Kowalcyk and Stephen Taylor, provided their perspectives on food safety, foodborne contaminants, and how these topics may be managed in the future. The last panel, presented by Benjamin Caballero and Jamy Ard, addressed applications of the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
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From page 46... ...
Since that time, noted Ross, we have many new studies that have given us a clearer understanding of nutrient absorption, turnover, and disposal; of how intake or requirement might be related to health status; and the impact of inflammation on micronutrient assessment. She included an example from the field of personalized nutrition in which a single nucleotide polymorphism in the gene that converts beta carotene into vitamin A differs not only in individuals, affecting their metabolism, but also among populations of varying ancestry.
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From page 47... ...
While discovery is still important, said Anderson, what we will be facing in the coming decade is how to balance personalized nutrition, understanding genetic information better, and the public health approach. "Saving lives one at a time.
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From page 48... ...
She began by noting that food safety is a global issue and a global public good. "It is critical to food security and nutrition -- you cannot have food security or nutritious food if it is actually making you sick," she said.
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From page 49... ...
She added that these statistics are on par with the incidence of malaria and tuberculosis worldwide: "It is a significant public health issue that has not gotten the attention that it needs." Kowalcyk went on to discuss long-term health outcomes associated with foodborne illness. These include reactive arthritis, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.
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50 FIGURE 6-3 The well-traveled salad. SOURCE: Presented by Barbara Kowalcyk on February 28, 2020.
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Reprinted with permission from Devleesschauwer et al., 2018. Taylor, Founding Director of the Food Allergy Research and Resource Program and Professor Emeritus with the Department of Food Science and Technology at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, began by noting an observation from the father of toxicology, Paracelsus, that "only the dose makes the poison." All chemicals are toxic, Taylor said; it is just a question of dose, adding that nutrients can be toxic too.
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From page 52... ...
population would benefit. GLOBAL UNDERSTANDING AND APPROACHES FOR OPTIMAL DIET AND HEALTH Caballero, Professor Emeritus in the Department of International Health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, focused his remarks on the rationale and basis for the DRIs, and whether there is a global role for those values at the international level.
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From page 53... ...
Caballero added that in the future, we will need a better understanding of the characteristics that determine nutrient requirements for individuals; perhaps criteria that are based on function or individual characteristics. Personalized medicine or nutrition will only be possible if we can identify indicators that are not simply an expression of measurement error or variability, but of specific physiologic function that can be used to predict requirements for different nutrients.
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From page 54... ...
Ard, Professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention and the Department of Medicine at Wake Forest Baptist Health, gave the final presentation for the session from the perspective of using obesity as a framework to consider the future of nutrition and chronic disease. He began by asking whether there was a realistic path toward mitigating the prevalence of obesity worldwide.
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FIGURE 6-5 The inverse relationship between higher socioeconomic status and protection from the prevalence of obesity. SOURCES: Presented by Jamy Ard on February 28, 2020.
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56 FIGURE 6-6 Compounding access to luxury items together with food insecurity leads to and is associated with chronic disease. SOURCES: Presented by Jamy Ard on February 28, 2020.
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Caballero suggested separating domestic from international health. He explained that obesity makes lower income people more vulnerable, and the kind of comorbidities they experience are types that require continuous care.
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Anderson added that the socio-ecological model provides a framework to consider whether there can be an impact at the individual level, adding that a systems approach will be key to getting to sustainable solutions. Shiriki Kumanyika, Chair of the FNB, commented on nutrition transition effects in lower income, rural, and urban populations.
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From page 59... ...
Anderson added that, on a population level, some interventions have relatively small effects, but they are big in terms of what happens to mortality and other chronic disease effects. She concluded the discussion by remarking, "If we are doing the right things that we know through our studies' work, we really do stand a chance to shift that population distribution in the right direction."
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