Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 1-14
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1731) that the prohibition of sex discrimination in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act protects individuals from discrimination based on sexual orientation or gender identity in employment.
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A GROWING NEED FOR ENHANCED DATA COLLECTION Despite the population trends, many current national surveys and other data collection instruments lack measures of sexual orientation, gender identity, and sexual behavior and attraction, which makes it difficult to accurately report the size and other characteristics of SGD populations. Questions about sexual orientation and gender identity that do appear in data collection instruments are presented inconsistently with differing terms and are often separated from other demographic measures (Conclusion 4-1)
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Data suggest that sexual orientation and gender identity bias and hate crimes have increased since 2013, and although they account for a small share of all hate crimes, they tend to be more violent and result in severe bodily injury. EFFECTS OF PUBLIC POLICY AND STIGMA Policies seldom change without outside social forces organizing to create that change.
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Community connectedness has been shown to help SGD people address health disparities by connecting them to important resources (Conclusion 7-2)
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people, as well as family processes and couple dynamics among older SGD individuals and families. EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENTS Experiences that SGD students have in school are important not only because negative experiences undermine personal well-being, but also because school experiences set the groundwork for educational attainment, future occupational achievement, and socioeconomic status (Conclusion 9-1)
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State and local K–12 education policies with clear language regarding protection of SGD students from bullying and discrimination (including sexual orientation and gender identity) are associated with positive school climates and with student well-being and success (Conclusion 9-2)
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In addition to health disparities related to sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status, many SGD people also experience health disparities related to intersecting aspects of identity that include but are not limited to race and ethnicity (Conclusion 11-1)
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LGBT people and people with intersex traits are at risk of violence from family members, peers, intimate partners, and strangers as a result of their sexual orientation, gender identity, or intersex status. Some of the highest risks of violence affect bisexual women and transgender people, particularly transgender women of color.
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This committee emphasizes an urgent need for robust scientific evidence that includes not just lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people, but also intersex people, people with same-sex or same-gender attractions or behaviors, and people who identify as asexual, Two Spirit, queer, or other terms under the SGD umbrella. In the wake of social change and ongoing legal developments regarding protections for SGD people in employment, health care, military service,
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Effectively addressing disparities related to sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status will require collaborative and coordinated efforts among federal, state, and private stakeholders. In addition, it will be important to involve SGD communities themselves, including SGD people of color, in all aspects of the research process.
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RECOMMENDATION 2: Federal statistical agencies; state, local, and tribal departments and agencies; private entities; and other rel evant stakeholders should fund and conduct methodological research to develop, improve, and expand measures that capture the full range of sexual and gender diversity in the population -- including but not limited to intersex status and emerging sexual and gender identities, sexual behaviors, and intersecting identities -- as well as determinants of well-being for sexual and gender diverse populations. The routine inclusion of sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status questions on federally supported surveys and in other research can also advance the generation and use of measures that help researchers understand how factors such as stigma and disclosure affect the health and well-being of SGD populations across the life course.
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Data needs of this kind are particularly important for the study of small groups, such as transgender women of color, Native American Two Spirit people, and people with intersex traits. DATA USE Once comprehensive, accurate data are collected, it is critical that researchers have the ability to access these data to address emerging research questions.
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RECOMMENDATION 5: Public and private research funders, to gether with federal statistical agencies, should prioritize research into the development, implementation, and evaluation of evidence-based services, programs, and interventions that promote the well-being of SGD populations. Placing scientific evidence at the forefront of program planning will allow researchers, policy makers, and public and private stakeholders to develop services and interventions that will directly benefit SGD communities.
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