Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations (2020) / Chapter Skim
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2 Health and Well-Being in Diverse Populations: Frameworks and Concepts
2 Health and Well-Being in Diverse Populations: Frameworks and Concepts
Pages 35-50
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From page 35... ...
They also have varied experiences both across and within sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex groups. It cannot be assumed that lesbian and bisexual women face the same environmental and societal challenges, nor can it be assumed that two gay men of different ethnicities and social statuses have similar experiences simply because they share a sexual orientation.
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From page 36... ...
36 UNDERSTANDING THE WELL-BEING OF LGBTQI+ POPULATIONS FIGURE 2-1 Complex systems illustration. committee used the following frameworks to organize its thinking around these systems and their complex interactions: • social ecology -- how individuals are embedded in families, com munities, societies, and the environment; • social constructionism -- how individuals experience their own lives and identities and the meaning they and others give to experiences and events; • identity affirmation -- how people become aware of, express, and affirm their sexual orientation, gender identity, and other aspects of identity; • stigma -- how dominant cultural beliefs and differences in access to power can lead to labeling, stereotyping, separation, status loss, and discrimination for those who do not align with societal norms; • life course -- how experiences from early to late in life accumulate and affect health and well-being at different ages and stages of development; and • intersectionality -- how multiple forms of structural inequality and discrimination, such as racism, sexism, and classism, combine to produce complex, cumulative systems of disadvantage for people who live at the intersections of multiple marginalized groups.
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From page 37... ...
. At each level, SGD populations experience unique stressors and sources of resilience related to sexual orientation, gender identity, and intersex status.
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From page 38... ...
SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONISM Social forces influence people's shared understandings of reality. The theoretical framework called social constructionism examines the ways in which individuals, groups, cultures, and societies perceive social issues and problems.
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From page 39... ...
Similarly, feminist scholars have questioned the meanings and privileges associated with gender roles in different cultures around the world and throughout history. The approach of social constructionism highlights social and cultural forces that affect how gender and sexuality are perceived by different individuals, groups, and societies.
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From page 40... ...
. Individual forms of stigma refer to the cognitive, affective, and behavioral processes in which individuals engage in response to stigma, such as (1)
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From page 41... ...
. While many early Black feminist thinkers advanced intersectional analyses of the social location and conditions of Black women, some especially important work was done by the Black lesbian feminists of the Combahee River Collective (CRC)
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From page 42... ...
IDENTITY AFFIRMATION The processes by which members of SGD communities come to explore, understand, declare, and affirm aspects of their identities related to sexual orientation, gender identity, or intersex status are complex. Each aspect of one's identity has distinct characteristics and follows different developmental pathways; at the same time, however, they are deeply intertwined (Doreleijers and Cohen-Kettenis, 2007)
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From page 43... ...
For many transgender people, awareness and expression of one's own gender identity is further complicated by having to affirm that identity in both personal and social contexts. Gender affirmation has thus emerged as an important framework for understanding transgender health.
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From page 44... ...
. There is also evidence supporting gender affirmation as a target of intervention to improve viral suppression for transgender women of color living with HIV (Sevelius et al., 2019)
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From page 45... ...
. Across the life course, members of SGD populations face many unique stressors in their social environments that are directly attributable to their sexual orientation, gender identity, or intersex status -- a phenomenon called "minority stress" (Brooks, 1981; Meyer, 2003)
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From page 46... ...
. Early life course exposure to discrimination and stigma based on sexual orientation, gender identity, or intersex status can thus have lifelong consequences.
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From page 47... ...
; identity affirmation (how people affirm their sexual orientation, gender identity, and other aspects of identity) ; and life course (how experiences over an entire lifetime accumulate and affect health and well-being at different ages and stages of development)
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From page 48... ...
. Gender affirmation and resiliency among Black transgender women with and without HIV infection.
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From page 49... ...
. Effect of cross-sex hormones on the quality of life, depression and anxiety of transgender individuals: A quantitative systematic review.
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From page 50... ...
. Evidence for the model of gender affirmation: The role of gender affirmation and healthcare empower ment in viral suppression among transgender women of color living with HIV.
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