Understanding the Well-Being of LGBTQI+ Populations (2020) / Chapter Skim
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3 Demography and Public Attitudes of Sexual and Gender Diverse Populations
3 Demography and Public Attitudes of Sexual and Gender Diverse Populations
Pages 53-72
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From page 53... ...
Information relating to economic status, immigration status, disability, and religion are discussed in greater detail in other chapters in this report. The decision to disclose one's sexual orientation, gender identity, or intersex status in any data collection setting can be affected by factors that include a sense of social acceptance, the presence of nondiscrimination protections, and perceptions of confidentiality and privacy.
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From page 54... ...
, along with 0.7 percent of adolescents aged 13–17 (Herman et 1 These numbers are based on a calculation by Gary J Gates using Census Bureau estimates that there are nearly 254,000,000 adults aged 18 and older in the United States (see https:// www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/popest/2010s-national-detail.html)
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From page 55... ...
sex question, which has been shown to result in substantial undercounts of transgender individuals in comparison with a two-step question design that asks about both current gender identity and sex assigned at birth (Tate, Ledbetter, and Youssef, 2013; Tordoff et al., 2019)
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From page 56... ...
The proportion of men who said they were mostly rather than exclusively attracted to women increased from 3.5 percent to 4.0 percent.6 Recent estimates from the Current Population Survey (CPS) suggest that there are 1,012,000 same-sex couples in the United States, of whom 543,000 (54%)
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From page 57... ...
In particular, the evidence suggests that increases in LGBT identification are more prominent among bisexual people, women, younger adults, and racial and ethnic minorities.8 Unfortunately, research explaining why particular groups have become more willing to disclose their LGBT identification remains sparse. THE ROLE OF PUBLIC ATTITUDES Historic trends in national LGBT prevalence estimates offer evidence of a link between social acceptance and LGBT identification.
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From page 58... ...
.9 In a 2019 poll, 63 percent of all respondents said that lesbian, gay, and bisexual people experience "a great deal" or "a fair amount" of discrimination in the United States today, and 69 percent said the same about transgender.10 In a recent poll, large majorities of the American public said that there is at least some discrimination against lesbian, gay, and bisexual people (74%) and transgender people (79%)
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From page 59... ...
. In a 2015 poll, two-thirds of respondents agreed that government officials should be obligated to serve everyone the same regardless of their religious beliefs.11 Adults were ambivalent about permitting transgender people to participate in sex-segregated sports according to their current gender identity: a 2015 survey found that about one-third approved of transgender people playing sports in accordance with their gender identity, about one-third disapproved, and about one-third did not approve or disapprove (Flores et al., 2020)
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From page 60... ...
. TABLE 3-1 Characteristics that Relate to Attitudes toward Sexual and Gender Diverse Populations Trait Less Support More Support Citation Demographic Characteristics Sexual Orientation Heterosexuals Lesbians, Gay Haider-Markel and Miller Men, and Bisexuals (2017)
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From page 61... ...
Although there may be some differences in the mobility patterns of LGBT individuals -- for example, some LGBT people with the ability and resources to relocate may disproportionately move to places with greater social acceptance and legal protections -- evidence from the GSS suggests that this likely does not account for most of the geographic differences observed in the Gallup data. Analysis of combined GSS data from 2014, 2016, and 2018 suggests that 37 percent of respondents who identified as FIGURE 3-3 Proportion of adults age 18 and older identifying as LGBT, by state.
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From page 62... ...
. 12 Information retrieved from analyses of General Social Survey data by Gary Gates in 2018, using the Survey Documentation and Analysis online tool maintained by the Institute for Scientific Analysis, San Francisco, CA, under a licensing agreement with the University of California.
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. GENDER AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION Analyses of data from the GSS and the National Health Interview Study (NHIS)
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From page 64... ...
Among USTS respondents, 21 percent identified their sexual orientation as queer; 18 percent as pansexual; 16 percent as gay, lesbian, or same-gender-loving; 15 percent as straight; 14 percent as bisexual; and 10 percent as asexual. AGE Increases in LGBT identification are more pronounced in younger age cohorts.
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From page 65... ...
15 nformation retrieved from data analyses of the General Social Survey by Gary Gates in I 2018, using the Survey Documentation and Analysis online tool maintained by the Institute for Scientific Analysis, San Francisco, CA, under a licensing agreement with the University of California. Tool is available at https://sda.berkeley.edu/sdaweb/analysis/?
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From page 66... ...
17 See https://news.gallup.com/poll/201731/lgbt-identification-rises.aspx. 18 nformation retrieved from data analyses of the General Social Survey by Gary Gates in I 2018, using the Survey Documentation and Analysis online tool maintained by the Institute for Scientific Analysis, San Francisco, CA, under a licensing agreement with the University of California.
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From page 67... ...
Taken together, the available evidence suggests that changes in LGBT populations may be a product of factors that include growing societal awareness and acceptance of diverse sexual and gender identities; expansion of laws, policies, and practices that protect and support communities and individuals regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity; and an increasing willingness and ability among LGBT and other SGD populations to self-identify or disclose their transgender identity or same-sex attraction, behavior, identity, or relationship. CONCLUSION 3-1: Demographic analyses of sexual and gender di verse populations are complicated by the fact that visibility among these groups is rapidly changing, with a generally improving but fluc tuating social climate.
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From page 68... ...
CONCLUSION 3-2: Understanding the changing demography of sex ual and gender diverse populations is important for guiding policy efforts and the allocation of often limited resources to address health, economic status, and other disparities that affect these populations. REFERENCES Abrajano, M
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From page 69... ...
. Public attitudes about transgender participation in sports: The roles of gender, gender identity conformity, and sports fandom.
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From page 70... ...
. Explaining public opinion toward transgender people, rights, and candidates.
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From page 71... ...
. The factors underlying public opinion of transgender rights.
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From page 72... ...
U.S. Census Bureau releases CPS estimates of same-sex house holds.
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