Genomic Epidemiology Data Infrastructure Needs for SARS-CoV-2 Modernizing Pandemic Response Strategies (2020) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 9-18
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From page 9... ...
Clearly, multiple outbreaks suggest that preparedness and response strategies need modernization. Modern advances in DNA sequencing, genomics, epidemiology, and big data analyses provide new paradigms for tracing symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission networks and identify ing sites of spread and at-risk populations, thereby enabling the capacity to break or delay virus transmission to mitigate social and economic dis ruption and reduce morbidity and mortality.
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. Concomitantly, three novel coronaviruses have emerged in the 21st century to cause major pandemics in swine, including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine delta coronavirus, and severe acute diarrhea disease virus in China (Vlasova et al., 2020)
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Monitoring RNA virus genomic change is an important step for anticipating viral emergence, predicting disease severity, evaluating drug and vaccine performance, and tracing symptomatic and asymptomatic transmission networks throughout a host population. An important consideration for any genetic epidemiology study is an understanding of the basic factors and selective pressures influencing viral evolution.
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. Increasing evidence supports the value of viral genome sequence data across all stages of an infectious disease outbreak.
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. The use of genomic data has substantial practical implications for public health practice around infectious disease control by improving the capacities for ongoing surveillance, rapid diagnosis, and real-time disease tracking (Gardy and Loman, 2018)
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paradigm of the One Health approach, which considers human, animal, and environmental health as a whole. Given that most emerging infectious diseases have zoonotic origins and they often spillover to humans in settings of high biological diversity, the application of genomic epidemiology across all three domains could bolster the One Health approach to surveillance, prevention, and control of those diseases (Gardy and Loman, 2018)
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The biographies of the committee members are presented in A ppendix A BOX 1-2 Statement of Task The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will estab lish an ad hoc committee to lay out a framework to define and describe the data needs for a system to track and correlate viral genome sequences with clinical and epidemiological data.
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Chapter 4 presents a framework to track and correlate viral genome sequences with clinical and epidemiological data and Chapter 5 discusses regulatory and governance considerations. REFERENCES Baele, G., M
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1992. Genetic evolution and tropism of transmissible gastroenteritis coronaviruses.
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