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Pages 1-12

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From page 1...
... There is also a growing realization of the possibility of adverse impacts on human health. Many reports discuss the potential impacts of increasing temperatures on tropical infectious diseases becoming more prevalent as the habitable zones for disease vectors expands (e.g., USGCRP, 2016)
From page 2...
... In total, 56 leading researchers from 15 different countries including representatives from Arctic indigenous communities were in attendance. The workshop included 11 individual talks, interspersed with 6 panels and group guided discussions, as well as 2 breakout sessions to examine case studies such as the specific case of Arcticregion anthrax outbreaks, as a known, observed risk as well as other types of human and animal microbial health risks that have been discovered in snow, ice, or permafrost environments, or that could conceivably exist.
From page 3...
... Opening Remarks Following welcoming remarks from the planning committee Chair, Diana Wall, Colorado State University; Vice Chair, Volker Ter Meulen, InterAcademy Partnership; and Henrike Hartmann, Volkswagen Foundation, a series of three keynote speakers set the stage for workshop discussions.
From page 4...
... During the Little Ice Age, new permafrost formed, usually near the southern boundary of permafrost extent. However, when permafrost degrades, the newest permafrost thaws first.
From page 5...
... Dr. Romanovsky also remarked on the importance of understanding abrupt permafrost thaw.
From page 6...
... Questions remain regarding the significance of these two different processes (annual seasonal permafrost thaw versus abrupt events) for release of microbes or genetic material and which of these may be more likely to lead to emergence events.
From page 7...
... Dr. Osterhaus pointed out that higher ambient temperatures in the Arctic could result in increased foodborne diseases, waterborne infections in humans, and changes in the migratory pathways of animal host populations and their contacts including changing rodent and fox populations, as well as the northern range of vectorborne diseases (Parkinson and Butler, 2005)
From page 8...
... Dr. Osterhaus discussed an example of the changing migratory patterns of harp seals and the associated spread of Morbilliviruses, which have been detected crossing species barriers (e.g., Jo et al., 2018, 2019)
From page 9...
... This implies that several diseases that could not spread in the past can spread today. Potential reversal or mitigating options for these changes may be topics of interest to the scientific community, and preparedness could be based on increased capabilities in terms of syndromic surveillance in humans and animals, pathogen discovery, development of diagnostics, improved animal and mathematical modeling capacity, and platforms for pathogenesis study, preventive intervention, and therapeutics.
From page 10...
... These types of environmental change can have negative effects on traditional landbased practices, cultural practices, and community health in general. Because northern areas lack significant agriculture, local food harvests of fish, caribou, and seals provide key sources of nutrients.
From page 11...
... To improve scientific understanding of these examples and other emerging issues, there are many benefits to working with indigenous partners. It can help reduce program costs and
From page 12...
... 12 Global Health Security Risks from Microbial Threats in the Arctic develop capacity for long term monitoring. Scientists may also be able to leave a legacy of training and education as well as gaining insights into ecosystem and microbial processes, Dr.


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