Integrating Systems and Sectors Toward Obesity Solutions Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Integrating Systems and Sectors Toward Obesity Solutions: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Integrating Systems and Sectors Toward Obesity Solutions: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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. The workshop explored complex systems and contributing factors that can influence obesity, and shared real-life examples of applying systems thinking and systems science approaches to addressing obesity and population health and well-being.
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network in 2003. According to Hammond, complex systems approaches have since been applied to other public health topics for three key purposes: understanding the etiology of outcomes of interest to inform intervention targets; retrospectively deducing the key influences on intervention outcomes; and conducting prospective modeling to forecast potential outcomes of 2 IOM (Institute of Medicine)
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Differences in food environments can help explain heterogeneity in the prevalence of obesity across adjoining communities, he explained, and he called for the application of systems science approaches to understand both the individual drivers and the ubiquitous forces that affect population health. Galea highlighted a third principle: the magnitude of the effect of an exposure on disease is dependent on the prevalence of the factors interacting with that exposure.
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COMPLEX SYSTEMS IN SOCIETY AND THE CONTEXT FOR OBESITY Part II of the workshop began with a session featuring four speakers who explored complex systems in society that provide context for obesity and have potential to shape population health and well-being. Chandra Ford, associate professor of community health sciences and founding director of the Center for the Study of Racism, Social Justice & Health at the University of California, Los Angeles, discussed power dynamics, structural racism, and systems science approaches from the lens of critical race theory (CRT)
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de la Haye next described social network analysis, a systems science methodology that uses theoretical and analytical frameworks to study emergent patterns of actors and relationships in a network. Social network analysis also examines the impact of social structures on individual and group outcomes, referencing research indicating that adults and children with obesity tend to cluster in social networks and that having social connections with obesity increase a person's obesity risk over time.
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She suggested targeting crime through urban renewal policies to improve perceived safety in resourcelimited urban communities, and shared an example of a health equity–focused urban renewal process that engaged community residents and research partners in a community economic development planning process. Powell-Wiley shared that in the future, her research group will develop and use agent-based models to test multilevel mobile health interventions to promote physical activity, and potentially also test how crime may limit the intervention.
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Kasman ended by suggesting three actions to facilitate the use of systems science approaches for examining relationships between health and educational activities and outcomes: build audience familiarity and enthusiasm for using systems science approaches; increase capacity for systems science research such as by developing tutorials and promoting mentoring relationships between experienced and new researchers; and open lines of communication among systems science modelers, researchers, policy makers, intervention experts, and practitioners. Eric Hekler, director of the Center for Wireless & Population Health Systems and associate professor in the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health at the University of California, San Diego, spoke about the use of systems science approaches to foster behavioral change.
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John Jakicic, director of the Healthy Lifestyle Institute and chair of the Department of Health and Physical Activity at the University of Pittsburgh, discussed examples of integrating systems and sectors to promote physical activity. Jakicic shared examples of his team's translation of learnings from a controlled research environment into an intervention that aims to increase physical activity among faculty and staff at the University of Pittsburgh, which employs around 15,000 adults.
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With regard to scaling the DPP into community settings, Spring called for linkages that can promote both scale and reach by spanning the dimensions of care delivery, community services, and family and individual engagement and empowerment. Steve Allender, professor of population health and founding director of the Global Obesity Centre at Deakin University, shared lessons from community-based obesity prevention trials in Australia.
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Lauren Shern, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, served as the review coordinator. SPONSORS: This workshop was partially supported by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics; Alliance for a Healthier Generation; American Academy of Pediatrics; American College of Sports Medicine; American Council on Exercise; American Society for Nutrition; Banner Health; Bipartisan Policy Center; Blue Shield of California Foundation; BlueCross BlueShield of North Carolina Foundation; The California Endowment; General Mills, Inc.; Greater Rochester Health Foundation; Intermountain Healthcare; The JPB Foundation; The Kresge Foundation; Mars, Inc.; National Recreation and Park Association; Nemours; Novo Nordisk; Obesity Action Coalition; The Obesity Society; Partnership for a Healthier America; Reinvestment Fund; Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; SHAPE America; Society of Behavioral Medicine; Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center; Walmart; WW International, Inc.; and YMCA of the USA.
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