Emerging Technology Intersections and Partnerships for Counterproliferation Proceedings of a Workshop (2020) / Chapter Skim
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8 Biology and Communications - Future Visions for Biology, Information Encoding, and DNA Data Archive
8 Biology and Communications - Future Visions for Biology, Information Encoding, and DNA Data Archive
Pages 54-60
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From page 54... ...
To facilitate the analysis, he created a molecular data acquisition device that functions inside of a cell, allowing him to collect data about what is happening in a complex tissue inside of cells over time. His team's research led them to develop a way to use DNA as a storage medium.
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From page 55... ...
DNA is a remarkably successful information storage device in terms of capacity and durability, Shipman continued. He compared the storage capabilities of various media and noted that in Earth's total biome, DNA stores 1,016 zettabytes of information.
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From page 56... ...
They are exploring large scale archival information storage in DNA. Startups are also working in this area, as well as DNA synthesis companies, many of which are working on enzymatic DNA synthesis and see data storage as a potential market for their efforts.
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From page 57... ...
The result is a record of pieces of viral DNA that provides the history and the order in which that cell experienced those viral attacks. Because of the predictable behavior of the integrases, Shipman found that if he delivered pieces of synthesized DNA of arbitrary content that resemble what the cell would normally grab from viruses, and delivered those pieces to cells that have one of these CRISPR systems, the cells will acquire these synthetic pieces of DNA given to them Biology and Communications -- Future Visions for Biology, Information Encoding, and DNA Data Archive 57
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From page 58... ...
He also discussed sequence requirements that his team found. When his team looked at the entire realm of these orders of G's, A's, T's, and C's, it found that the integrases preferred some sequences over others, in particular a "protospacer adjacent motif." He also mentioned the requirement of needing to grab something that looked biological.
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From page 59... ...
He observed that working with biological media drove him and his team to design an encoding scheme that took advantage of this finding by resembling natural biology. When sequencing natural CRISPR systems in normal, wild bacterium, Shipman said that it is normal to find pieces of an unknown genetic sequence.
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From page 60... ...
He said that the falsity of this information would be essentially undetectable; although some artifacts of synthesis would be a starting point for a search, no framework for searching for this information exists. Shipman reminded the audience that the majority of the natural world has not been sequenced, meaning that information does not appear in databases.
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