Information Technology Innovation Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Research Developments and Impacts Depicted in Figure 2.1
Appendix B: Research Developments and Impacts Depicted in Figure 2.1
Pages 108-131
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From page 108... ...
Sloan Research Fellowship. He is a fellow of the AAAI and a fellow of the AAAS.
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From page 109... ...
. Many further ad vances including fast retransmis sion (Tahoe and Reno congestion control algorithms,1988-1989)
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MIMO Academic research in the 1970s. Exploiting multipath to Bell Labs research 1970s-1990s.
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. Systems, Supercomputers First massively parallel computer Big machines customArchitecture designed at Illinois with Ad- built for scientific re vanced Research Projects Agency search, engineering, support starting 1964, built by and national security Burroughs and connected to applications.
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From page 112... ...
. Virtual memory Early academic work at Manches- Creates an illusion of ter University commercialized much larger main mem by Atlas Computer (1959-1961)
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students to designed by university design, fabricate, and test small teams and formed the integrated circuits. It was then basis for commercial scaled up to include a textbook products, e.g., reduced (Mead and Conway's Introduction instruction set computers to VLSI Systems, 1980)
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From page 114... ...
funded research projects inspired the basis for the design by IBM 801 research processor of the Sun Microsystems design (1975-1980) : Berkeley RISC SPARC architecture, and (University of California, Berke- the Stanford design trans ley, 1980-1984)
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. duced to allow multiple Academic hypervisor research in commodity operating the late 1990s is also realized in systems to run on a commercial products in the late multiprocessor.
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From page 116... ...
in 2004. Theory, Program- Structured Expressing programs using Broad impact on most ming Languages programming structure such as nested lexical programming languages, structure, if-then-else, loops, leading to greater pro functions rather than "Goto." grammer productivity, Expressed in part in language programming tools (such designs, such as Algol 60, and as compilers, interactive also in reaction to languages such debuggers)
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From page 117... ...
Streamlined structured pro- Portability to different gramming languages, often able computer architectures to include assembly language became a key feature of snippets, were developed for most of these languages. system programming.
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From page 118... ...
Static code Coverity was founded by Stan- Automated tools for ana analysis for ford University researchers, lyzing security and other security drawing on ARPA and NSF-funded properties of software. research (early 2000s)
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From page 119... ...
tech nology -- to enable first net-at tached storage companies in the late 1980s. Academic research on log-structured file systems (1990-1993)
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. Public key cryptosystems includ cryptography commercialized ing confidential Internet by RSA Security Inc.
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From page 121... ...
Probabilistic ro botics also addresses uncertainty in robot planning, modeled generically as a Partially Observ able Markov Decision Process (POMDP) , and state estimation, such as the widely employed Monte Carlo Localization (MCL)
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Carnegie Mellon University stu dents started Bossa Nova Robot ics, which worked with Walmart to create mobile inventory robots rolled out in late 2010s. Open source Early academic work from the Has enabled widespread robot middle- mid-1990s (e.g., Player/Stage interoperability across ware/operating from USC, MOOS and YARP from robots to provide eco systems MIT, JAUS by the Department systems for code reuse of Defense)
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Laser range finding nical and nontechnical and SLAM used in the mid-2000s barriers to widespread DARPA Grand Challenge. Deep deployment.
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. Image recognition with to computer vision and convolutional neural network speech recognition.
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From page 125... ...
fast and practical face detection algorithms. Convolutional neural networks for specific applica tions (e.g., skin cancer detec tion)
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From page 126... ...
Struc- ued, e.g., with Engelbart's tural relations among objects NLS system, with the were recognized and retained, Xerox Alto, with work so that four lines terminating station applications, and at a point all changed when the with personal computers. point moved.
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it could all allow shader code to compute for a pixel. But as be specified for render programmable elements arrived, ing; manufacturers of especially graphics processing graphics hardware (es units (GPUs)
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From page 128... ...
Early academic SGI, Sun Microsystems, research explored using custom and Hewlett-Packard. To VLSI "smart memory" chips to day, personal computers combine pixel storage with ap- can host graphics cards propriate processing (University with high-performance of North Carolina, 1981)
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Retail markets search to reduce latency, increase are projected to expand working volume, study various rapidly with recent HMD applications (e.g., desensitiza- advances. Smartphones, tion, PTSD therapy)
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From page 130... ...
Although simple modeling is not hard, complex models are a continuing challenge, and pace many advances in vision and graphics. Interactive data Stanford University research Tools that allow non visualization (1999-2002)
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Netscape Navigator was inspired and authoring of WWW by Mosaic and co-written by content. Many more com Marc Andreessen, a part-time plex research strategies employee of NCSA.
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