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Pages 7-62

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From page 7...
... 7 Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses Airport owners and operators share a common responsibility to provide an efficient and safe environment for their users and are responsible for investigating ways to mitigate risks that may compromise safety and efficiency. Many have collectively expressed an interest to determine if their issues are unique or shared by other airports.
From page 8...
... 8 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data the airport operator has an obligation to collect, document, and retain certain data specific to regulatory compliance. These include Part 139 daily inspections results and corrections, Aircraft Rescue and Firefighting (ARFF)
From page 9...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 9 3.1.1 Part 139 Self-Inspection Reports In the United States, commercial airports must be certificated under 14 CFR Part 139 (referred to as Part 139) for scheduled passenger air carrier service to operate (14 CFR Part 139 -- Certification of Airports 2013)
From page 10...
... 10 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data airport must maintain the Records of Correction and make them available for the FAA Airport's Division Certification annual inspection (FAA Advisory Circular 150/5200-18D 2019)
From page 11...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 11 EXAMPLE: DATA SHARING FOR AIRFIELD LIGHTING Given that Part 139 airports collect and manage the results from self-inspections, there are significant similarities in data collected and how data is managed airport to airport. While there are no technical requirements for data management, some large airports have sophisticated software, and others use spreadsheets to track data.
From page 12...
... 12 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data For this example to work effectively across several airports, airports would need to provide the following information: • Type of light (taxiway, runway, threshold, other) • Location (as exact as practicable)
From page 13...
... Part 139 Item Sub-System (Location) Issue Issue Source Frequency (per Month)
From page 14...
... 14 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data The types of ARFF response vehicles used and their reliability are crucial to the operational compliance of all commercial airports. To this end, the ARFF response vehicles are tested daily to ensure any issues are corrected as soon as practicable.
From page 15...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 15 3.1.2.2 Data Collection Characteristics Data collection requirements for ARFF inspection reports should include the following: • Type and brand of vehicle • Model year of the unit • Specific issue identified (i.e., water pump not holding pressure, etc.) • Correction requirements (i.e., new pump, different pump, etc.)
From page 16...
... 16 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data 3.1.4 Airport Training Records For an airport to operate effectively and safely, airport personnel need to be trained effectively on their responsibilities as well as the aspects of operations on the airfield that may affect their safety. For airports certificated in the United States, training requirements are identified under Part 139.
From page 17...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 17 (i.e., ARFF, fuel fire safety, and ground vehicle training requirements)
From page 18...
... 18 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data EXAMPLE: TRAINING RECORDS (Continued) More specifically, the AC proposes the following specific issues that are known to be the cause of violations, vehicle incidents, or accidents: • Infield aircraft navigation aids • Identifying a given point on a grid map or other standard map used at the airport • Applicable airport rules, regulations, or procedures for vehicle operations • Airport layout, including runways and taxiway designations • Known hot spots • Boundaries of movement, non-movement, and safety areas • Interpretation and color coding of airfield signs, pavement markings, and lighting • Location and understanding of critical areas associated with Instrument Landing System (ILS)
From page 19...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 19 These data points provide additional information to trend training results as a function of undesirable outcomes on the airfield (such as airfield driving violations, vehicle accidents, aircraft or airport equipment damage as a result of vehicle collisions, etc.)
From page 20...
... 20 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data 3.1.5.1 Data Description AC 150/5210-24: Airport Foreign Object Debris (FOD) Management addresses FOD evaluation in Chapter 6.
From page 21...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 21 EXAMPLE: AIRFIELD FOD Given that Part 139 airports collect and manage the information about the FOD they collect, there will be significant similarities in what is collected and how the information is managed from airport to airport. There are recommendations on the information that should be collected in the AC on FOD, and a synthesis of airport practices relating to FOD can be found in ACRP Synthesis 26: Current Airport Inspection Practices Regarding FOD (Foreign Object Debris/Damage (Prather 2011)
From page 22...
... 22 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data open data sharing between the airport and tenants regarding FOD and safety in general. It also assumes that the airport has an established FOD management program in accordance with AC 150/5210-24 and that the airport plays a leading role in airportwide FOD management.
From page 23...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 23 3.1.6.1 Data Description The data needs to reflect the equipment being inspected, issues and/or faults with it, frequency of those faults, and time needed to correct (see Table 3-10)
From page 24...
... 24 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data an operator. Corrective actions can then be made, and lessons learned can, and should, be shared across multiple airports.
From page 25...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 25 3.1.8.2 Data Collection Characteristics The data collection requirements for terminal and landside areas include type of equipment (manufacturer) , location, time of day, and issue.
From page 26...
... 26 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data For the purposes of this section, the term Safety Records will be used to refer to required reports and records an airport must create and archive, and in certain cases, report to specific governmental organizations. 3.1.9.1 Data Description For safety and incident reporting, nearly all airports capture information to create data records as required by law, rule, or regulation (see Table 3-13)
From page 27...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 27 Airport Property Damage Reports and Incident and Accident Reports (Non-AircraftRelated)
From page 28...
... 28 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data 3.1.9.3 Data Collection Characteristics For the example to benefit the airport, no additional information needs to be captured on the front end; however, how the numerical data is used and analyzed can improve investigation results. However, with the introduction of an airport SMS, additional data on incidents and hazards can be collected to enhance the analysis, trending, and sharing of safety information.
From page 29...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 29 • Root causes of the hazards (recorded post-investigation) • Cost of repairs or equipment replacement • Cost of medical treatments • Mitigations implemented (information provided during event follow-up and close out)
From page 30...
... 30 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data operations, airport characteristics, passenger enplanements, airport financial data, weather, aviation safety reports (FAA 2019a) , aviation accident reports from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)
From page 31...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 31 Airport data contained in the Form 5010 database is useful for comparing physical or operational characteristics among airports as a benchmarking tool. The data is also useful for quickly finding airport contact information.
From page 32...
... 32 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data Figure 3-2. FAA ADIP search form (example)
From page 33...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 33 Figure 3-4. FAA Form 5010 -- Airport Master Record (example)
From page 34...
... 34 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data 3.2.2.1 Data Description FAA classifies aircraft operations based on a description of the flight's operator, purpose, and weather conditions. Table 3-17 lists these classifications of class, category, and condition.
From page 35...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 35 Program (AIP) , Passenger Facility Charges (PFC)
From page 36...
... 36 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data Figure 3-5. OPSNET form (example)
From page 37...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 37 intermediate stop for their ultimate destination. Enplanements can also be classified as domestic if the itinerary remains within the borders of the United States as opposed to an international enplanement where the origination or destination is outside the United States.
From page 38...
... 38 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data Airline data is useful for assessing the state of the airport's air service market measured in the level of passenger activity collectively and for specific markets, for instance, load factors (percent of passengers versus available seats) between city-pairs to demonstrate the relative strength of that market.
From page 39...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 39 EXAMPLE: PASSENGER ENPLANEMENTS The process to identify the number of passenger enplanements by a specific airline at an airport in a time period can be completed using the BTS T-100 database (Bureau of Transportation Statistics 2019)
From page 40...
... 40 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data primarily to establish AIP funding levels among the commercial airports (FAA 2019g)
From page 41...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 41 Form 5100-127 also contains information as shown in Table 3-22 that is helpful for trend analysis benchmarking against other airports. Data from the CATS can be reported for individual airports or collectively by airport hub category (large, medium, etc.)
From page 42...
... 42 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data Figure 3-7. CATS search form (example)
From page 43...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 43 Figure 3-8. Airport financial data using CATS (example)
From page 44...
... 44 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data database maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)
From page 45...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 45 EXAMPLE: WEATHER DATA Weather data for a specific airport can be accessed through the NCEI's Climate Data Online at https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/cdo-web/datatools/lcd (NOAA 2019)
From page 46...
... 46 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data 3.2.6 Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's)
From page 47...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 47 NAS (NASA 2019b)
From page 48...
... 48 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data EXAMPLE: RAMP INCIDENTS INVOLVING MARSHALLING AIRCRAFT TO GATES To determine the magnitude and extent of ramp incidents reported to ASRS at an airport, one can access data from the ASRS database. The ASRS database can be accessed through NASA's website at https://asrs.arc.nasa.gov/search/database.html (NASA 2019a)
From page 49...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 49 Figure 3-10. ASRS search form (example)
From page 50...
... 50 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data As part of this mission, the NTSB maintains a public searchable database of aviation accidents and certain significant incidents that have been investigated or otherwise reported. The data goes back to 1962, and it ranges from preliminary accident reports posted only a few days after an accident to a fully detailed description of the accident, including its probable cause.
From page 51...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 51 EXAMPLE: AIRCRAFT RAMP ACCIDENTS An airport can review the aircraft ramp accidents occurring at their airport by accessing the NTSB database: https://www.ntsb.gov/_layouts/ntsb.aviation/index.aspx (NTSB 2019)
From page 52...
... 52 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data Figure 3-12. NTSB search form (example)
From page 53...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 53 Figure 3-13. NTSB aviation accident final report (example)
From page 54...
... 54 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data EXAMPLE: AIRCRAFT VERSUS VEHICLE MISHAPS While the FAA AIDS database can be searched for any number of the categorized selections, the most useful search for airports is to use a text search of the narrative reports. Date ranges may also be effective to omit older reports.
From page 55...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 55 over time. Benchmarking and trend analysis of a data set requires organizations to establish performance goals with standards and measures for a specified time period.
From page 56...
... 56 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data 3.3.1.1 Process for Operations and Safety Benchmarking and Trend Analysis The process of benchmarking and trend analysis can be performed in four sequential steps.
From page 57...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 57 could also be performed by comparing the same process internally year to year to gauge improvements. From this information, strategic planning can be used to make improvements to the processes.
From page 58...
... 58 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data EXAMPLE: WILDLIFE STRIKE BENCHMARKING A wildlife strike is the collision of one or more animals [i.e., birds, flying mammals (bats) , terrestrial mammals, or reptiles]
From page 59...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 59 EXAMPLE: WILDLIFE STRIKE BENCHMARKING (Continued) • Do we need a separate benchmark for strikes on approach/departure at >1,500 ft above ground level?
From page 60...
... 60 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data KPIs are a set of quantifiable measures used to gauge or compare performance in terms of meeting strategic and operations goals. KPIs vary between companies and industries, depending on their priorities or performance criteria.
From page 61...
... Operations and Safety Data and Their Uses 61 Source Type of Data Trend Analysis Results/Benefits Part 139 SelfInspections Reports • Number of discrepancies • Time to correct • Location (assets/systems) • Physical circumstances (winter, night, etc.)
From page 62...
... 62 Collecting and Sharing of Operations and Safety Data Safety Training Records (NonOSHA) • Number of tenant or airline employees trained in safety reporting orientation • Airport operator staff and employees trained in safety reporting • Number of individuals and organizations trained • Test results over time • Number of individuals requiring retraining • Training effectiveness • Effectiveness of improvements and/ or redirection of training efforts Parking Revenue • Revenue by product o Long- and shortterm, valet, garage, or shuttle operations o Off-airport companies • Product sales by time of year, day of the week, and time of day (manage demand)

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