Third Rail Insulator Failures: Current State of the Practice (2020) / Chapter Skim
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12 Survey 3.1 Surveyed Transit Agencies Many transit systems worldwide use third rails. The studied third rails in the current research include the following eight transit agencies: Chicago Transit Authority, Long Island Rail Road, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority, Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority, Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority, and Baltimore Metro Subway.
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Survey 13 Five out of eight surveyed transit agencies experience less than 10 hours of delays annually, and the maximum estimated delay is approximately 40 hours. On average, 1,000 passenger hours are lost annually because of insulator failures in each surveyed transit system.
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14 Third Rail Insulator Failures: Current State of the Practice 3.3.5 Preventive Strategies for Insulator Failure Seven preventive strategies are used by all the surveyed agencies to predict and diagnose failure. Visual inspection is the most frequently used by all the agencies, and mechanical inspections, heat testing, thermal imaging, predictive models, periodical voltage measurement, and infrared inspections are also used.
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