Mental Health, Substance Use, and Wellbeing in Higher Education Supporting the Whole Student (2021) / Chapter Skim
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4 Clinical Mental Health and Substance Use Services for Students in Higher Education
4 Clinical Mental Health and Substance Use Services for Students in Higher Education
Pages 95-110
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From page 95... ...
However, there is considerable variation in the scope of services, the level of education and professional licensure of the clinical staff, the availability of clinical providers, and the training that the providers have received to work with specific populations of students. Because use of mental health services is to be held confidential by a range of state and federal laws (e.g., the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act)
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From page 96... ...
. Though the American Student Health Association included "mental hygiene" as a priority in 1920, it was not until 1957 that the American College Health Association formed a section for mental health professionals and for mental health and counseling services to become a more standard feature on campuses (Kraft, 2011)
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From page 97... ...
While funding for counseling centers originally came from general institutional revenue, restructuring occurred when colleges and universities began to charge separate fees to cover health services.2 As campuses looked to streamline counseling services and shift costs for mental health counseling to student health fees and/or separate health insurance coverage, many schools merged counseling services with psychiatric and mental health services. As Kraft (2011)
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From page 98... ...
. Prevention programs must meet a number of minimum federal standards for employees and students regarding unlawful possession; description of laws regarding possession and distribution at the local, state, and federal level; description of health risks associated with substance use disorders; support, treatment, and recovery programs made available; and a clear statement about disciplinary actions used against those who violate policy (DeRicco, 2006)
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From page 99... ...
Institutions of higher education have used GLSMA funds to develop comprehensive, collaborative, well-coordinated, and evidence-based approaches to (1) enhance mental health services for all college students, including those at risk for suicide, depression, serious mental illness (SMI)
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From page 100... ...
. While students have been the primary audience for Campus GLSMA-funded efforts, gatekeeper training,3 intended to provide suicide prevention and awareness to a broader audience, reached other groups including college faculty, college counseling and health center staff, residential life staff, campus security, parents and guardians, and primary care staff (Godoy Garraza et al., 2018)
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From page 101... ...
The federal government also collects data on health behaviors, which also can include college students; however, the data do not necessarily separate enrolled students from their age-matched peers. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)
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From page 102... ...
. According to ACCA, the majority of support takes the form of one-on-one therapy sessions, group counseling, testing and assessment, and emergency services (College Counseling Knowledge-Base: Comprehensive Database of College Counseling Research Publications in the College Counseling, Counseling Psychology, College Health, College Student Development and Professional Counseling Literatures 1998-2017)
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From page 103... ...
. In a 2017 survey of community colleges in 30 states concerning dual-role staff, 51 percent of these staff provide academic advising (in addition to mental health counseling)
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From page 104... ...
Even for community colleges students who may not have the same connection to a physical campus, these institutions are more likely to serve students who have had less access to mental health resources and may seek
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From page 105... ...
. To ease the process referring students, college and university mental health staff may build connections to local providers, refer students to practices where there are existing connections, and provide students with information about two-way communication that can occur between the campus center and external provider with a release of information.
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From page 106... ...
Since the 1970s, colleges and universities have introduced collegiate recovery programs (CRPs) to support students with substance use disorders (Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, 2020)
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From page 107... ...
While services vary across providers, common features may include "substance-free housing and social events, dedicated space, on-campus twelve-step support meetings, full-time dedicated staff and professional counseling by addiction treatment specialists" (Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, 2020)
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From page 108... ...
Access to telehealth services is a significant challenge. Opportunities to increase access may include providing students with a private space and access to high speed internet to support telehealth sessions.
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From page 109... ...
(2019) also noted that the study suggested that "telehealth services should be further implemented and the BASICS intervention can be effectively delivered via telehealth for college students." 5 The second version expanded the range of health care professionals, and it now includes marriage and family therapists, physicians, professional counselors, psychologists, and social workers, as well as advanced practice nurses, physician assistants, and physical therapists.
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From page 110... ...
110 MENTAL HEALTH, SUBSTANCE USE, AND WELLBEING IN HIGHER EDUCATION Despite initial positive evidence that telehealth may increase access to both mental health treatment and wellness services, further study with the advent of COVID-19 and the acceleration of these services is needed. In addition to understanding challenges associated with accessing services, research should examine the effectiveness of telehealth compared to standard in-person approaches, especially for specific populations.
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