Addressing Health Misinformation with Health Literacy Strategies Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2020) / Chapter Skim
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Addressing Health Misinformation with Health Literacy Strategies: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Addressing Health Misinformation with Health Literacy Strategies: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
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Lawrence Smith, chair of the Roundtable on Health Literacy; executive vice president and physician in chief at Northwell Health; and dean of the Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, welcomed attendees to the virtual workshop. The workshop, he explained, would examine the rise of health misinformation and would use COVID-19 as a case study to explore health literacy strategies that may be used to mitigate such misinformation.
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Gyenes explained that Meedan works directly with social media platforms and Internet search organizations to "strengthen information equity on the Internet." Through their research conducted at the Digital Health Lab, it has become clear to Gyenes and her team how important it is to reduce the stigma in health misinformation response work. However, she noted, it is a difficult balancing act to attempt to reduce the negative impact of health misinformation, while ensuring that community members feel comfortable asking questions about health myths.
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Gyenes's team also uses those insights to tailor its responses to health misinformation, ensuring that information is culturally relevant and culturally sensitive, Gyenes said, adding that "we want to ensure that our content is localized and not just translated." "Midinformation"3 differs from misinformation and disinformation in that it characterizes a kind of information crisis that occurs when not all of the facts are available: It is informational ambiguity based on scant knowledge or emerging scientific evidence, Gyenes said. To address it, "it's important to make sure that the information that users see first when 1 For more information, see https://connectivity.fb.com/free-basics (accessed September 16, 2020)
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As FCOs have become so central to tech companies' responses to health misinformation, Gyenes said, "public health and health literacy experts have an opportunity to collaborate, acting as a resource to fact checkers, supporting their work, and advocating for their work to keep their communities informed." HEALTH LITERACY AND THE CORRECTION OF MISINFORMATION Myers introduced the next panelist, Briony Swire-Thompson, a senior research scientist at the Northeastern University Network Science Institute and a fellow at the Harvard University Institute for Quantitative Social Science. Health information is a unique area of a broader misinformation and disinformation issue, Swire-Thompson said, because there are often financial incentives that do not necessarily exist for other topics of misinformation.
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Traditional health literacy approaches, she continued, would include proactively promoting vaccine literacy, with • interventions including targeted media campaigns; • tailored peer-to-peer, school-based, or community-based vaccine education; and • provider–patient communication. One suggestion from digital literacy literature is to have strong, consistent messaging.
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• Develop tools to help identify and access credible information sources and resources for debunking myths and misinformation • Cultivate science literacy: understanding the uncertain and evolving nature of science • Combat conspiracy theories by partnering with former members and trusted influencers • Mobilize the public health majority to counter online misinformation • Proactively monitor, flag, downrank, and remove content or accounts that promote misinformation; recon figure platform features that amplify misinformation (e.g., Twitter's handling of QAnon and Facebook's and Google's removal of misinformation videos) These efforts can help address cognitive, emotional, social, and contextual factors of misinformation spread, she said.
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The traditional health literacy approaches have worked for certain things, but they are not working in the information ecosystem." We can't remain naïve, she said. "Health misinformation is obviously not a fringe topic, and we need to work together." The people who study misinformation and disinformation need to be at the table when we are designing public health campaigns and messaging so we avoid the problem of inaccessible information, she said.
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STAFF: Rose Marie Martinez and Alexis Wojtowicz, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Health and Medicine Division, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine SPONSORS: This workshop was partially supported by AbbVie Inc.; California Dental Association; Eli Lilly and Co.; Health Literacy Media; Health Literacy Partners; Health Resources and Services Administration; Mserck Sharp & Dohme Corp.; National Library of Medicine; Northwell Health; and Pfizer Inc. For additional information regarding the workshop, visit www.nationalacademies.org/HealthLiteracyRT Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
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