Options for Reducing Lead Emissions from Piston-Engine Aircraft (2021) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E: Occupational Health
Appendix E: Occupational Health
Pages 155-162
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From page 155... ...
has occupational exposure standards and related regulatory requirements designed to reduce health risks of workplace exposures to chemical contaminants to acceptable levels. The requirements are adopted, administered, and enforced by OSHA.
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From page 156... ...
Details on the industrial hygiene and occupational health control program requirements should be taken from the OSHA standards and requirements.3 Regarding the action level, under OSHA, the action level for any given air contaminant is generally set at half of the permissible exposure limit (PEL) , but the actual level may vary from exposure standard to exposure standard.
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From page 157... ...
The analytical error is based on a standardized coefficient of variation for the analytical method used as provided by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) while the occupational environment variations and sampling error are derived from the central tendency and spread of the sample distribution using data gathered from sampling exposures for randomly selected work days and randomly selected employees in the similar exposure group or an individual employee.4,5,6 Thus, when evaluating the exposure results against the PEL or action level, the determination is based on the value of the average exposure estimate relative to the 95 percent confidence levels for the data and the other SAE inputs.
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From page 158... ...
In addition, there are explicit and detailed medical surveillance and biological monitoring requirements for employees exposed above the action level for more than 30 days per year, including specific requirements related to measurement of blood lead level expressed in µg/deciliter. Also, there are explicit training requirements for any employee exposed to lead, as well as hazard communication requirements under the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR § 1910.1200)
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From page 159... ...
FIXED BASE OPERATORS, REPAIR AND OVERHAUL SHOPS, AND AIRPORTS The purpose of the discussion above was to provide background for understanding occupational health requirements for exposures to leaded aviation gasoline and its combustion products. Specifically, there is the need for assessment of TEL, lead bromide, and EDB exposures in airport workplaces such as flight line operations and in those repair and overhaul shops where GA aircraft and engines using aviation gasoline are maintained.8 It seems evident that exposures to lead are common for flight line and maintenance shop workers at airports with GA aircraft including those employed by TABLE E-2 Ethylene Dibromide OSHA Exposure Standards EDB OSHA PEL (8-hour 20 ppm/30 ppm any time/50 ppm-5 minute maximum peak TWA)
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From page 160... ...
With the large number of airports and the widespread use of leaded aviation gasoline, lead dibromide is expected to be commonly found in many airport workplaces or as an incidental exposure to those working nearby. As discussed above, there are different PELs for exposures to inorganic lead, TEL, and EDB and separate exposure assessments and compliance actions are required under OSHA regulations.
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From page 161... ...
NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
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