Sex Differences in Brain Disorders Emerging Transcriptomic Evidence: Proceedings of a Workshop (2021) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction and Background
1 Introduction and Background
Pages 1-4
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The workshop brought together a broad spectrum of stakeholders to share cutting-edge emerging evidence, discuss challenges, and identify future opportunities and potential directions. This workshop explored the evolving understanding of sex differences in brain disorders, as reflected in previous reports and workshops convened 1 The planning committee's role was limited to planning the workshop, and the Proceedings of a Workshop was prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.
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The increased focus on sex differences has emerged in part as a result of a 2016 NIH mandate requiring that all NIH-funded research consider sex as a biological variable, said workshop chair Eric Nestler, Nash Family Professor of Neuroscience at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Nestler called this mandate "transformational." For many years, his lab, like many others, had studied male rodents only, reasoning that including females would require twice or more as many animals and add too much complexity.
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Due to time restrictions, this 1-day workshop also did not include a robust discussion on other important issues such as a framework for approaching sex BOX 1-1 Statement of Task This public workshop will bring together experts and key stakeholders from academia, government, industry, and nonprofit organizations to explore emerging evidence regarding differences in transcriptomic abnormalities that occur in the brains of men versus women with a variety of brain disorders including depres sion, posttraumatic stress disorder, drug addiction, neurodegenerative conditions, and other brain disorders. Invited presentations and discussions will be designed to: • Review the landscape of emerging evidence regarding sex differences in transcriptomic abnormalities in a variety of brain disorders and dis cuss how this can be used to advance understanding of brain disorder pathophysiology.
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Chapter 2 focuses on stress- and reward-related disorders; Chapter 3 explores neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Chapter 4 transitions to a focus on policy implications and how federal agencies, industry, and nonprofit organizations can partner to leverage this new biology of sex differences to improve diagnostics and therapeutics for a range of brain disorders.
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