Utilization Measurement and Management of Fleet Equipment (2021) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 1-30
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 1... ...
Research Overview P A R T I
|
From page 2... ...
C O N T E N T S 3 Summary 8 Chapter 1 Introduction 8 1.1 Background 8 1.2 Project Objective 8 1.3 Research Approach 8 1.4 Organization of the Report 9 Chapter 2 Research Approach 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Literature Review 9 2.3 Agency Survey 9 2.4 Data Collection 10 2.5 Data Processing 10 2.6 Fitting the Models 10 2.7 Validating the Models 11 2.8 Developing the Equipment Fleet Utilization Management Program 11 2.9 Validating the Equipment Fleet Utilization Management Program 11 2.10 Developing the UPM Software 11 2.11 Validating the UPM Software 12 Chapter 3 Research Findings 12 3.1 Introduction 12 3.2 Literature Review 15 3.3 Agency Survey 17 3.4 Data Collection 19 3.5 Utilization Estimation Models 21 3.6 Equipment Cost Estimation Models 21 3.7 Validating the Models 24 3.8 Developing the Equipment Fleet Utilization Management Program 26 3.9 Validating the Equipment Fleet Utilization Management Program 27 Chapter 4 Summary and Suggested Research 27 4.1 Summary 28 4.2 Suggested Research 29 References
|
From page 3... ...
3 S U M M A R Y Background Equipment fleet assets are vital to the delivery of state highway agency programs, projects, and services. Measuring, monitoring, and reporting on equipment utilization levels are necessary for the management of equipment fleet and meeting highway agencies' business needs.
|
From page 4... ...
4 front loaders, graders, mechanical street sweeper trucks, air street sweeper trucks, sweepers/ scrubbers, riding mowers, truck tractors, snow removal attachments, rollers, drills, asphalt distributors, attachments, man lifts, and large trucks with a special body. Data Collection The research team conducted a national data collection effort and used data from seven state DOTs (California, Louisiana, Michigan, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Utah, and Washington)
|
From page 5... ...
5 Asset Type Utilization Estimation Model Dump Truck log( )
|
From page 6... ...
6 The framework incorporates a mathematical program that determines for each region in a specific year (a) fleet size, (b)
|
From page 7... ...
7 Figure 1. Snapshot of some steps in the UPM process.
|
From page 8... ...
8 Introduction 1.1 Background Fleet assets are critical for the delivery of state highway agency programs, projects, and services and consume a major portion of capital investments. These assets also require significant resources to ensure their operational performance, reliability, and service level.
|
From page 9... ...
9 2.1 Introduction Highway agencies use a variety of processes for utilization measurement and management of equipment fleet. However, there are no widely accepted processes for utilization measurement and management of fleet equipment.
|
From page 10... ...
10 maintenance hours and cost, (scheduled) maintenance interval mileage and days, seasonality, and predicted annual demand (number of miles, hours, days, etc.)
|
From page 11... ...
11 2.8 Developing the Equipment Fleet Utilization Management Program Determining the optimal fleet size and utilization level in a region requires consideration of budget, maximum utilization thresholds, and demand constraints while minimizing the total fleet management costs. Determining how to achieve the optimal fleet size and utilization level in each region (by purchasing, salvaging, and relocating equipment)
|
From page 12... ...
12 3.1 Introduction This chapter presents the findings of the literature review and agency survey; discusses the data collection, cleaning, and processing; and describes the development and validation of the utilization estimation models, the fleet utilization management program, and the UPM software. 3.2 Literature Review The literature review focused on practices, processes, and methodologies as they relate to the utilization management of fleet equipment.
|
From page 13... ...
13 utilization criteria. Fleet size reduction, makeup adjustment, and the number of pool units were considered based on an estimated salvage value, annual maintenance and repair cost savings, and replacement cost savings.
|
From page 14... ...
14 age increased. Also, a linear regression model for annual equipment use versus age showed the decline in usage over time.
|
From page 15... ...
15 replacement strategies to fuel cost (i.e., future change of the fuel cost would influence long-term planning) , and suggested multi-stage planning for fleet management strategies.
|
From page 16... ...
16 # Equipment Class NAFA Class Code 1 Dump Truck 8,501-10,000 GVW 2712 10,001-14,000 GVW 3712 14,001-16,000 GVW 4712 16,001-19,500 GVW 5712 19,501-26,000 GVW 6712 26,001-33,000 GVW 7712 > 33,000 GVW 8712 2 Pickup Truck < 8,500 GVW 1510, 1511, 1512, 1513, 1514, 1520, 1521, 1522, 1523, 1524, 1530, 1531, 1532, 1533, 1534, 1540, 1547, 1548 10,001-14,000 GVW 3510, 3511, 3512, 3513, 3514, 3540, 3547, 3548 14,001-16,000 GVW 4510, 4511, 4512, 4513, 4514, 4520, 4527, 4528 8,501-10,000 GVW 2510, 2511, 2512, 2513, 2514, 2540, 2547, 2548 3 Automobile < 8,500 GVW 1310, 1311, 1312, 1313, 1320, 1321, 1322, 1323, 1324, 1330, 1331, 1332, 1333, 1338, 1340, 1341, 1342, 1343, 1348 4 Van < 8,500 GVW 1410, 1411, 1412, 1413, 1414, 1418, 1420, 1421, 1422, 1423, 1424, 1425, 1426, 1427, 1428 10,001-14,000 GVW 3410, 3411, 3412, 3413, 3414, 3420, 3421, 3422, 3423, 3424, 3425, 3426, 3427, 3429 14,001-16,000 GVW 4410, 4411, 4412, 4413, 4414, 4420, 4421, 4422, 4423, 4424, 4425, 4426, 4427, 4429 16,001-19,500 GVW 5420, 5421, 5422, 5423, 5424, 5425, 5426, 5427, 5428, 5429 19,501-26,000 GVW 6420, 6421, 6422, 6423, 6424, 6425, 6426, 6427, 6428, 6429 8,501-10,000 GVW 2410, 2411, 2412, 2413, 2414, 2420, 2421, 2422, 2423, 2424, 2425, 2426, 2427, 2429 5 Sport Utility < 8,500 GVW 1610, 1611, 1612, 1620, 1621, 1622, 1623, 1630, 1631, 1632, 1633, 1634, 1640, 1647, 1648 10,001-14,000 GVW 3610, 3611, 3612, 3613, 3614, 3640, 3647, 3648 8,501-10,000 GVW 2610, 2611, 2612, 2613, 2614, 2640, 2647, 2648 6 Trailer Air Compressor 320, 321, 322, 323 Auxiliary Power 390, 397, 398, 399 Boat 780, 781, 782, 783 Concrete Mixer 380, 381, 382, 383 Construction 0360 Dump Body 750, 751, 752, 753 Flat Bed 710, 711, 712, 713 Generator 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318 Office 790, 791, 792, 793 Pressure Washer 340 Public Utility 350, 351 Pump 330, 331, 332, 333, 334 Refrigerator 760, 761, 762, 763 Sanitation 770, 771, 772, 773 Sewer Equipment 370, 371, 372, 373, 374 Tank Body 730, 731, 732, 733 Tilt Bed 720, 721, 722, 723 Van Body 740, 741, 742, 743 7 Front Loader 16,001-19,500 GVW 5763 19,501-26,000 GVW 6763 26,001-33,000 GVW 7763 > 33,000 GVW 8763 8 Grader Off-Road and Construction 9160 9 Mechanical Street Sweeper Truck 16,001-19,500 GVW 5771 19,501-26,000 GVW 6771 26,001-33,000 GVW 7771 > 33,000 GVW 8771 10 Air Street Sweeper Truck 16,001-19,500 GVW 5772 19,501-26,000 GVW 6772 26,001-33,000 GVW 7772 > 33,000 GVW 8772 11 Sweeper/ Scrubber Walk-Behind 9411 Riding 9412 Three-Wheeled 9413 12 Riding Mower Off-Road and Construction 9610, 9611, 9612 Table 3. Equipment commonly used by state DOTs.
|
From page 17... ...
17 engine hours can be used for equipment that has an engine, while other measurement metrics can be used for all types of equipment. Survey responses showed that, of 32 responding state DOTs, 23 use "driven miles" as the main utilization metric.
|
From page 18... ...
18 availability of the data for this research. Seventeen of these state DOTs indicated that the 20 equipment types listed in Table 3 represent the equipment types used by the DOT.
|
From page 19... ...
19 10. Air street sweeper trucks, 11.
|
From page 20... ...
20 Factor Description : Annual Mileage Average annual mileage in a region : Annual Engine Hours Average annual engine hours in a region : Frequency of Usage Average frequency of usage in a region : Purchase Cost ($1,000) Average equipment purchase cost in a region : Annual Downtime Hours Average equipment annual downtime hours in a region : Annual Scheduled Maintenance Cost ($1,000)
|
From page 21... ...
21 Table 8 lists the average annual mileage, annual engine hours, or frequency of usage estimation models for the 19 equipment types considered in this project. The table also shows the adjusted R-squared values and sample sizes; a high value indicates a good fit.
|
From page 22... ...
22 Table 8. Equipment utilization estimation models.
|
From page 23... ...
23 Sport Utility Vehicles = 0.24 − 1115.04 log( )
|
From page 24... ...
24 Table 8 also shows the adjusted R-squared values for each fitted estimation model; they ranged from 0.58 to 0.99. Several statistical tests (e.g., the Shapiro–Wilk test [12]
|
From page 25... ...
25 The optimization framework aims to minimize the total cost and improve equipment performance (through more efficient utilization management) and simultaneously suggests utilization values for each equipment type and fleet composition in each region to meet the demand.
|
From page 26... ...
26 equipment type i from region j to region q in the following year, estimated using the distances between counties/regions and the transportation cost. The objective function excludes salvage costs.
|
From page 27... ...
27 Summary and Suggested Research 4.1 Summary This research was conducted to develop a guide for utilization measurement and management of fleet equipment and a software package for use by state highway agencies. The research team reviewed the literature pertaining to equipment utilization measurement and management and performed an agency survey to identify the factors influencing equipment utilization and management strategies.
|
From page 28... ...
28 3. No equipment will be utilized in excess of its maximum allowed utilization level; and 4.
|
From page 29... ...
29 References 1. Lauria, P
|
From page 30... ...
30 Replacement Plan in Northern Illinois." Transportation, Vol.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.