Airborne Platforms to Advance NASA Earth System Science Priorities Assessing the Future Need for a Large Aircraft (2021) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: 2017 Earth Science and Applications from Space Decadal Survey Table 3.2
Appendix D: 2017 Earth Science and Applications from Space Decadal Survey Table 3.2
Pages 189-202
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Quantify rates of precipitation and its phase Most Important evapotranspiration and (rain and snow/ice) worldwide at convective and thereby precipitation, orographic scales suitable to capture flash floods and how are these and beyond.
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H-4a. Monitor and understand hazard response in rugged Very Important terrain and land margins to heavy rainfall, temperature, How does the water and evaporation extremes, and strong winds at multiple cycle interact with temporal and spatial scales.
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What W-1a. Determine the effects of key boundary layer Most Important processes on weather,hydrological, and air quality planetary boundary forecasts at minutes to subseasonal time scales.
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What W-5a. Improve the understanding Most Important processes determine the of the processes that determine spatiotemporal structure air pollution distributions and aid of important air estimation of global air pollution pollutants and their impacts on human health and concomitant adverse ecosystems by reducing uncertainty impact on human health, to <10% of vertically resolved agriculture, and tropospheric fields (including ecosystems?
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MARINE AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PANEL Societal or Science Earth Science/Applications Objective Science/ Applications Question/Goal Importance QUESTION E-1.
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How C-1a. Determine the global mean sea-level rise to within Most Important much will sea level rise, 0.5 mm/yr over the course of a decade.b globally and regionally, over the next decade C-1b.
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How C-3a. Quantify CO2 fluxes at spatial scales of 100-500 Very Important large are the variations km and monthly temporal resolution with uncertainty < in the global carbon 25% to enable regional-scale process attribution cycle and what are the explaining year-to-year variability by net uptake of associated climate and carbon by terrestrial ecosystems (i.e., determine how ecosystem impacts in much carbon uptake results from processes such as CO2 the context of past and and nitrogen fertilization, forest regrowth, and projected anthropo- changing ecosystem demography)
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Quantify the effect that aerosol has on cloud Very Important emissions of natural formation, cloud height, and cloud properties aerosols, and the (reflectivity, lifetime, cloud phase) , including semi-direct anthropogenic aerosol effects.
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How are C-7a. Quantify the changes in the atmospheric and Very Important decadal-scale global oceanic circulation patterns, reducing the uncertainty atmospheric and ocean by a factor of 2, with desired confidence levels of 67% circulation patterns (likely in IPCC parlance)
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observed in the Arctic and projected C-8b. Improve understanding of high-latitude Very Important variability and midlatitude weather linkages for Antarctica on global (impact on midlatitude extreme weather and trends of sea-level rise, changes in storm tracks from increased polar atmospheric circulation, temperatures, loss of ice and snow cover extent, extreme weather and changes in sea level from increased melting of events, global ocean ice sheets and glaciers)
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How S-3a. Quantify the rates of sea-level change and its driving Most Important will local sea level processes at global, regional, and local scales, with change along coastlines uncertainty <0.1 mm/yr for global mean sea-level around the world in the equivalent and <0.5 mm/yr sea-level equivalent at next decade to resolution of 10 km.b century?
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b The steering committee worked with the Climate Variability and Change Panel and with the Earth Surface and Interior Panel regarding their different requirements for the measurement of sea-level rise. Current altimetry missions, such as Jason-3, have a mission goal of 1 mm/yr, in order to accommodate the inherent measurement uncertainty and the effects of seasonal and interannual variations.
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2016. Contributions of Greenland and Antarctica to global and regional sea level change.
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