Critical Findings on COVID-19 Select Publications from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (2021) / Chapter Skim
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research AUGUST ENCOURAGING PARTICIPATION AND 2020 COOPERATION IN CONTACT TRACING Lessonsrom Survey Research Authors: Robert Groves* Mary Travis Bassett*
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research SEAN CONTACT TRACING 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This rapid expert consultation is intended to help decision makers in local public health departments and local governments increase participation and cooperation in contact tracing related to COVID-19. The document focuses on contact tracing methods that involve phone, text, or email interviews with people who have tested positive and with others they may have exposed to the virus.
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research SEAN CONTACT TRACING 3 INTRODUCTION States and localities across the United States are in various stages of planning for and implementing contact tracing activities so they can isolate the sick or infected from the well by determining who has been in close contact with people with confirmed COVID-19 infections. Determining who has potentially been exposed, testing those individuals, and isolating new cases uncovered through that testing helps contain and thereby limit COVID-19 infection.
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research SEAN CONTACT TRACING 4 • Share the names of others they may have exposed to the virus so those people can be informed and tested for COVID-19 infection. Still others may hesitate to reveal information about people whom they may have exposed to the virus because they fear retribution or stigma, because they are hesitant to inconvenience or restrict the liberty of those they may have exposed, or because they are concerned about implicating others in behavior that may have been illegal or stigmatizing.
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research SEAN CONTACT TRACING 5 Partnering with Trusted Sponsors Survey researchers have found that requests for participation are more likely to be successful if they come from the most trusted sources possible. Indeed, having a trusted sponsor can double the rate of survey participation [3]
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research SEAN CONTACT TRACING 6 Developing Messaging That Appeals to People's Motivations BOX 2 Survey Techniques for Asking about Sensitive Behaviors Survey researchers have developed specialized ways of asking about sensitive, stigmatizing, or illegal behaviors, including: • using forgiving wording before asking about the behavior in question, such as "There are many reasons why people…" or "Many people…"; • assuming interviewees have done the behavior in question, such as "How many times have you______in the past month? "; • presenting a list of behaviors -- including those in question -- and asking interviewees which they have done at least once in a specific timeframe; and • using familiar wording for sensitive behaviors, rather than clinical or academic wording.
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research SEAN CONTACT TRACING 7 and cues to improve recall (e.g., a timeline or calendar and cues related to such activities or events as grocery shopping, work, or social gatherings) could yield additional information.
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research SEAN CONTACT TRACING 8 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Special thanks are extended to SEAN executive committee members, listed below, who dedicated time and thought to this project. We express our gratitude to the staff of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, in particular to Natalie Nielsen and Dara Shefska, who contributed research, editing, and writing assistance.
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research SEAN CONTACT TRACING 9 SOCIETAL EXPERTS ACTION NETWORK (SEAN)
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research SEAN CONTACT TRACING 11 REFERENCES [1] Gottlieb, S., Rivers, C., McClellan, M., Silvis, L., and Watson, C
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Encouraging Participation and Cooperation in Contact Tracing: Lessons from Survey Research SEAN CONTACT TRACING 12 Latinos. American Journal of Epidemiology, 189(6)
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