Report on the U.S. Program for the International Geophysical Year July 1, 1957 - December 31, 1958 (1965) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 31-100
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I I COSMIC RAYS PROGRAM Cosmic Ray Equipment Ready f o r Launch
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COSMIC RAYS PROGRAM Page A Organization of Technical Panel on Cosmic Rays 57 B
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COSMIC RAYS B Summary of Panel Actions 1.
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COSMIC RAYS Ells w o r t h . The Panel also discussed the d e s i r a b i l i t y of exploratory cosmic-ray measurements i n the A n t a r c t i c .
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COSMIC RAYS be communicated to c e r t a i n cosmic-ray observers by phone c a l l w i t h the least possible delay. I t was also suggested t h a t AGIWARN undertake to supply information on balloon and rocket launchings so tha t other observers might coordinate t h e i r observations.
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COSMIC RAYS usual s c i e n t i f i c p u b l i c a t i o n .
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COSMIC RAYS of observations were received from most of the IGY p r o j e c t d i r e c t o r s which were r e viewed by the panel and incorporated i n t o the USNC recommendations t o the National Science Foundation.
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From page 39... ...
COSMIC RAYS Project 2.2 - C o r r e l a t i o n of Solar A c t i v i t y w i t h Primary Cosmic-Ray I n t e n s i t y 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS 6. Bibliography.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.3 - Shipboard Neutron Monitor S t a t i o n 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS M.A. Pomerantz, A.E.
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COSMIC RAYS M/S LOHMAREN H/S S T R A T U S Figure 1. Routes of Ships LOMMAREN and STRATUS 67
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.4 - Balloon F l i g h t s - L a t i t u d e Survey 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS namely around August 1.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.5 - A i r Shower Detector 1. Obiectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.6 - Ground Monitor Stations 1. Obiectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.7 - Shipboard Neutron Monitor 1. Ob.iectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.8 - Measurements of Primary Cosmic Radiation 1. Ob.iectives.
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COSMIC RAYS ! L - 4 H H 3 ^ Counter 1 X " 4 -Counter 2 Counter 3 Scale Figure 2.
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COSMIC RAYS and Neepawa could not have been made. I n 1957, nine f l i g h t s were c a r r i e d out w i t h the al p h a - p a r t i c l e equipment, three i n Brownwood, Texas, between A p r i l 29 and June 6, and S I X i n Prince A l b e r t , Sask., between August 16 and September 16.
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COSMIC RAYS On some f l i g h t s i n 1957, a dual neutron monitor was flown on separate f l i g h t s to search f o r i n t e n s i t y increases accompanying small solar f l a r e s and to study non-stat i s t i c a l cosmic-ray i n t e n s i t y f l u c t u a t i o n s occurring m short i n t e r v a l s 6. Bibliography.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.9 - Mu-Meson Monitor m the A n t a r c t i c 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.11 - Study of High Speed Cosmic-Ray Fluctuations 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.12 - Cosmic-Ray I n t e n s i t y at High A l t i t u d e 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS 35r WEAK STRONG 11 I i i n TYPE m SEA LEVEL NEUTRONS ilil.lilili • I .
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COSMIC RAYS previously and seems to be connected w i t h an anisotropy of outer space t o the g a l a c t i c cosmic rays and i n time, w i t h proper analysis, i t may be possible t o examine the causes of the anisotropy i n terms of solar magnetic f i e l d s . Various attempts at t r e a t i n g the data to f u r t h e r knowledge of the solar cycle and Forbush modulation mechanism have been made, the discussion of which i s beyond the scope of t h i s report (see Wmckler, Technical Report No.
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COSMIC RAYS or so between the appearance of the luminosity and the X ray bursts considering the 100-km-radius c r i t e r i o n above f o r d e t e c t i n g the X rays.
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COSMIC RAYS producing the bremsstrahlung on the sun were required to account f o r the observed burst. I f one estimates the number of electrons required to produce synchrotron r a d i a t i o n , assuming that the radio observation i s due to t h i s source, the number of electrons of s i m i l a r energy i s 2.5 x 10 .
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.13 - Low Energy Heavy Primary Cosmic Rays 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Projects 2.14, 2.15 - Atmospheric, Geomagnetic and Solar Influences on the Mu-Meson and Nucleonic Components of the Cosmic Radiation 1. Obiectives.
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COSMIC RAYS cosnac-ray storm. Of apparently equal i n t e r e s t and importance, i t was observed that the world-wide anisotropy e x i s t i n g f o r the d i u r n a l v a r i a t i o n i s considerably enhanced at the same time, and the phase s h i f t s seem t o be the same at a l l longitudes studied.
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From page 65... ...
COSMIC RAYS a f t e r storm connnencement, and three cycles of the surging occurred up to the end of t h i s time. An exc e l l e n t superposition of the two sets of r e s u l t s under s i t u a t i o n (a)
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COSMIC RAYS i t I S corrected f o r m u l t i p l e Coulomb s c a t t e r i n g of muons i n the atmosphere, and ( i i i ) the c o n t r i b u t i o n of K-mesons to the p o s i t i v e temperature e f f e c t .
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COSMIC RAYS 6. Bibliography.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.16 - Neutron Monitor - Alaska 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Projects 2.17, 2.18 - High A l t i t u d e Study of Spectrum and Time V a r i a t i o n of Neutrons and Primary Radiation 1. Obiectives.
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COSMIC RAYS b. Published Papers.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.19 - Balloon Emulsion Studies of Heavy Primary Cosmic Rays 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Corrections to the analysis of the data obtained i n the above manner have to be made f o r : a. Loss of primary heavy n u c l e i due to c o l l i s i o n s w i t h a i r n u c l e i at elevations above those at which the stack was exposed.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.21 - The Semi-Diurnal Planetary V a r i a t i o n of Atmospheric Pressure 1. Obiectives.
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COSMIC RAYS b. Published Papers.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.22 - I s o t r o p i c C o n s t i t u t i o n of Cosmic Radiation at Balloon A l t i t u d e s 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS 50 .4030 20 'JO ' OB > 03 02 Points calculated assuming tlie shape of NC'Ejad+E)
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From page 77... ...
COSMIC RAYS spectra as such, since otherwise the p o s i t i o n of the maximum i n the high elements' .energy spectrum would have been observed to have s h i f t e d to much higher energies. A close i n v e s t i g a t i o n of the spectra seems to i n d i c a t e a s l i g h t d e v i a t i o n of the l i g h t and heavy component from the shape of the medium element spectrum, i .
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From page 78... ...
COSMIC RAYS Table 1 Ratios of L i g h t t o Medium and Heavy to Medium Components L/M H/M This experiment 200-700 Mev/nucleon 0.41 + 0.06 0.38 + 0.05 Texas experiment 1000 Mev/nucleon 0.32 + 0.07 0.48 + 0.10 Table I I Abundances of the Cosmic Ray Components TM U f f a r m t l a l n u n c ( t tha Top of AtoovlMr*
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.23 - Heavy Primary Cosmic Rays 1. Obiectives.
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COSMIC RAYS the nominator of the r a t i o was imperative. A value of the r a t i o other than one i n d i cates of course a change of value.
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COSMIC RAYS RESULTS: Case 1 . A l l heavy tracks t r e a t e d as r e l a t i v i s t l c .
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PA ID 2 Plate PA IC 2 Plate A l l tracks regarded r e l a t i v i s t i c 120 110 y 1001 0 90[ a w (T) 1 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 I4D 50 60 70 80 QO TOO Figure 7.
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From page 83... ...
COSMIC RAYS 6. Bibliography.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.24 - Measurement of Zenith-Angle Dependence of High-Energy Mu-Mesons 1. Obiectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Ph.D. Thesis, U n i v e r s i t y of Missouri, 1962)
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COSMIC RAYS Table I I I . Experimental data of an underground experiment at P r a i r i e du Rocher, I l l i n o i s , (near sea le v e l )
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From page 87... ...
COSMIC RAYS Project 2.25 - Solar E f f e c t s on Cosmic Rays at High A l t i t u d e s - A r c t i c 1. Obiectives.
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From page 88... ...
COSMIC RAYS ground winds encountered there which would f a c i l i t a t e launching large volume balloons. Such high a l t i t u d e f l i g h t s gave the p o s s i b i l i t y of studying X ray e f f e c t s at very small atmospheric depths.
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From page 89... ...
COSMIC RAYS Simultaneous balloon f l i g h t s by the Minnesota cosmic ray group at Minneapolis g r e a t l y extended the conclusions t h a t could be drawn from t h i s experiment. The presence of Explorer IV i n i t s o r b i t also added very s u b s t a n t i a l l y to the experiment and represented the f i r s t time that the simultaneous use of the balloon and s a t e l l i t e techniques yielded important s c i e n t i f i c r e s u l t s .
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From page 90... ...
COSMIC RAYS Project 2.28 - Neutron Monitor - Thule 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.29 - Energy and Charge Spectrum of Primary Cosmic Radiation 1. Objectives.
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From page 92... ...
COSMIC RAYS 5. Results.
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From page 93... ...
COSMIC RAYS Bibliography.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.30 - Neutron I n t e n s i t y Time V a r i a t i o n 1. Objectives.
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From page 95... ...
COSMIC RAYS radio noise data and riometer data. I t was found t h a t the d i f f e r e n t i a l r i g i d i t y spectrum f o r the p a r t i c l e s produced i n t h i s event was not as steep as found f o r the February 23, 1956 event.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.32 - Reduction and Analysis of Cosmic-Ray Data 1. Ob.iectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.33 - Cosmic-Ray Tr a j e c t o r y Computation and Study 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.34 - Reduction of Cosmic-Ray I o n i z a t i o n Chamber Data 1. Obiectives.
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COSMIC RAYS Project 2.35 - Airborne Neutron Monitor Survey of the Geomagnetic Equator 1. Objectives.
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COSMIC RAYS 120 ISO 180 Center Eqtiator Fit for lihasi 30 West 0 Figure 8. Route of A i r c r a f t Carrying Neutron Monitor a t Constant Pressure A l t i t u d e .
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