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Radioactive Sources Applications and Alternative Technologies (2021) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix E: Economic Feasibility of Adopting Alternative Technologies
Pages 177-180

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From page 177...
... (1 + d ) T where PVSCrs is the present value of social cost of use of the radiation source technology over its useful life of T years; CC rs0 is the purchase and private installation cost; EX rs0 is any externality cost associated with the manufacture, transportation, and installation of the technology; OC rs t is the operating cost of the technology during year t including labor, maintenance, opportunity cost of the space used, and any other costs required to keep the technology operational; EX rst is the external cost associated with use of the technology during year t, including the monetized accident and illicit use risks; PCDrs is the costs of disposal of the technology borne by the owner of the technology; EXDrs is the costs of disposal not borne by the owner; and d is the social discount rate.
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From page 178...
... m=0 (1 + d ) M where PVSCns is the present value of social cost of use of the replacement technology over its useful life of M years; CC ns is the purchase and private installation cost; OC ns m is the operating cost of the technology during year m including labor, maintenance, opportunity cost of the space used, and any other costs required to keep the technology operational; and PCDns is the cost of disposal of the technology borne by the owner of the technology.
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From page 179...
... For example, cesium-137 blood irradiators are likely to pose a larger relative risk than cobalt-60 blood irradiators because they contain cesium chloride in highly dispersible powder form, which makes it attractive for use in an RDD. While assessing ORj does not allow monetization of the risk associated with device j, it does provide a basis for identifying the radioactive sources that pose the greatest relative risk and therefore the largest relative external costs.
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From page 180...
... Consequently, the private costs associated with a new device that contains a radioactive source would be lower than they would be in a truly de novo choice of technology so that the inequality in Equation 5 is less likely to hold. E.3 NONIDENTICAL SERVICES: LIMITATIONS IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES The assessment of an alternative technology has so far assumed that it provides the same services as the radioactive source.
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Key Terms

  • radioactive source
  • alternative technology
  • useful life
  • alternative technologies
  • social cost

  • social discount
  • discount rate
  • replacement technology
  • external costs
  • relative risk

  • operating cost
  • adopting alternative
  • source technology
  • technology borne
  • private installation

  • risk associated
  • costs required
  • blood irradiators
  • cost associated
  • including labor

  • sunk costs
  • opportunity cost
  • installation cost
  • influencing institutional
  • replacements requires

  • assess risks
  • borrowing rate
  • uncompensated costs
  • disposing entity
  • security risks


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