Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure Proceedings of a Workshop (2021) / Chapter Skim
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5 Space Weather User Community Needs
5 Space Weather User Community Needs
Pages 36-45
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From page 36... ...
United Airlines, "Commercial Aviation" Eddie Semones, Space Radiation Analysis Group, NASA Johnson Space Center, "Human Exploration" Mark MacAlester, Department of Homeland Security, "Space Weather Effects on Communications" Joe McClelland, Director, Office of Energy, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) , "Power Grid, Reliability Standards"2 Susan Skone, Professor, University of Calgary, Canada, "PNT-Reliant Industries" Bob McCoy, Director, Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, "Arctic Space Weather Impacts" Nicole Kinsman, Alaska Regional Advisor, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
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From page 37... ...
pageName=pubsMain; also Department of Defense, Department of Homeland Security, and Department of Transportation, 2019 Federal Radionavigation Plan, 22161DOT-VNTSC-OST-R-15-01, Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service, https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/43623/dot_43623_DS1.pdf. 6 Mark Olson, "Space Weather Information and Electric Reliability," presentation to the workshop, June 16, 2020, and Mark Lauby, "Geomagnetic Disturbances Reducing Risk to the North American Electric Grid," presentation to the workshop, September 9, 2020.
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From page 38... ...
SOURCE: Mark Lauby, NERC, "Geomagnetic Disturbances Reducing Risk to the North American Electric Grid," presentation to the workshop, September 9, 2020. Geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs)
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From page 39... ...
See CIGRE, "Understanding of Geomagnetic Storm Environment for High Voltage Power Grids," CIGRE Technical Brochure 780, October 2019. SOURCE: Mark Lauby, "Geomagnetic Disturbances: Reducing Risk to the North American Electric Grid," presentation to the workshop, September 9, 2020, and Mark Olson, "Space Weather Information and Electric Reliability," presentation to the workshop, June 16, 2020.
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From page 40... ...
SPACECRAFT DESIGN AND MISSION OPERATIONS Space weather is the main source of uncertainty in the position of all objects in LEO below about 1,000 km. The main impact is strong variation in the neutral density of the thermosphere as it responds to radiative inputs from the Sun in the extreme ultraviolet wavelength range, energetic particle precipitation in the high‐ latitude auroral zones, and global‐scale electrical currents generated during geomagnetic storms.11 Managing the rapidly increasing number of satellites on orbit and the need for improved forecasts of space weather and understanding of its impacts on satellite operations and space traffic management was a subject at both the June and September workshop sessions.12 As shown in Figure 5.2, satellite operations are already being impacted by the large number of objects in LEO.
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From page 41... ...
On July 20, 2020, NAPA released the Report on Space Traffic Management.15 The NAPA report recommended that the DOC/OSC lead collaborative federal efforts to improve the safety and sustainability of the space domain. The NAPA report described SSA as the characterization of the entire near-Earth space environment including space object location and physical characteristics, and the natural space environment as characterized by space weather data, analysis, and forecasts.
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From page 42... ...
In November 2018, the International Civil Aviation Organization selected SWPC as one of the three global space weather centers (SWXCs) to monitor and provide advisory information on space weather phenomena expected to affect high-frequency radio communications, communications via satellite, GNSS-based navigation and surveillance systems, and/or pose a radiation risk to aircraft occupants.17 The SWXCs are required to disseminate advisory information to a variety of users regarding the extent, severity, and duration of the space weather.
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From page 43... ...
dates to the "Halloween storms" of 2003,18 significant SEP events that disrupted radio communications over the polar cap occurred in January 2005 and during the last solar activity maximum in 2012-2014. An issue noted at the workshop was how aviation training and operations can maintain an awareness of the potential for a significant space weather impact even during times of low solar activity.
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From page 44... ...
Solar storms may generate a substantially enhanced intensity of energetic charged particles, mostly protons accelerated during solar flares and CMEs. Major concerns for human spaceflight include such solar particle events (SPEs)
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From page 45... ...
Donovan, 2017, "Monitoring Space Weather with GNSS Networks Expanding GNSS Networks into Northern Alaska and Northwestern Canada," Proceedings of the 30th International Technical Meeting of The Satellite Division of the Institute of Navigation (ION GNSS+ 2017) , September.
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