Quantum Science Concepts in Enhancing Sensing and Imaging Technologies Applications for Biology: Proceedings of a Workshop (2021) / Chapter Skim
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2 Quantum in Biology
2 Quantum in Biology
Pages 7-24
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From page 7... ...
Following the keynote, three panel discussions covered probing intracellular and intercellular correlations in biology, bioelectromagnetic fields, and quantum photonics in biological systems. Each discussant on the panels was asked to give 7 minutes of opening remarks, which were followed by a moderated audience question and answer session.
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From page 8... ...
. "New" Quantum Biology Opportunities Cross-cutting research ideas, such as enzymatic actions in the protein environment, are pushing quantum biology forward.
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, and the time is right to think beyond individual, siloed research and work together to push the field forward. Discussion A participant asked if it was possible to have evolved receptors wherein the unpaired electron is encased in a molecular edifice and the stabilized nucleus spins.
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The transition from classical to quantum thinking will improve as more is learned about how quantum science matters in biology. PROBING INTRACELLULAR AND INTERCELLULAR CORRELATIONS IN BIOLOGY Philip Kurian, founding director of the Quantum Biology Laboratory at Howard University, moderated the workshop's first session.
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. Direct quantum effects have not been observed over longer time ranges of days or years, but Plenio noted that there may be indirect effects.
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. The study of ionic interactions has enormous and exciting potential for the future of quantum biology, but it has been neglected for several reasons.
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Pettini agreed that the theory–experiment gap is large, and noted that he is studying basic mechanics, such as cryptochromes and optogenetic molecules, to develop theory and design experiments around those building blocks. Quantum Effects Versus Quantum Underpinnings In response to a question, Sgro stated her belief that cell aggregation might be a quantum effect for two reasons.
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Solving these important questions will require a community-wide effort, he concluded. BIOELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS In Session 2, Clarice Aiello, leader of the Quantum Biology Technology Laboratory at the University of California, Los Angeles, introduced the topic of the exploration of how organisms interact with electromagnetic fields.
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Using this approach, they found that magnetic field strength regulates stem cell activity through relative threshold levels of ROS. Weak magnetic fields, which lower the level of ROS present, inhibit new tissue growth, gene expression, and downstream gene proliferation, while strong magnetic fields and the resulting high levels of ROS increase growth (Van Huizen et al., 2019)
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Douglas Wallace Electromagnetic wave measurements that are used to diagnose neurodegenerative diseases have been assumed to come from neuronal cells. However, Wallace raised the possibility that oscillating electromagnetic fields of mitochondria could be generating the electromagnetic radiation seen in electroencephalograms (EEGs)
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Tracing cellular conversations by monitoring bioelectric signals in developing frogs, the team was able to observe typical bioelectric patterns as cells cooperate normally, as well as abnormal bioelectric patterns that occur when oncogenic mutations cause cells to defect from the group and lead to abnormal morphology (Levin, 2021)
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Wallace noted that if a mitochondrion's magnetic field could be modulated, it could regulate ROS. Ritz added that to set up quantum effects, the radical pair has to be embedded in a meaningful way in order to drive magnetic field effects, which is challenging.
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The panelists were Michelle Digman, associate professor in the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of California, Irvine; Scott Cushing, assistant professor of chemistry at the California Institute of Technology; Giuseppe Luca Celardo, professor at the Institute of Physics, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, and the Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore; and Tjaart Krüger, associate professor of physics at the University of Pretoria. Quantum-Enabled Sensing and Imaging for Biology Michelle Digman Digman's laboratory uses imaging technologies, including fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM)
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. While the exact mechanics are still unknown, entangled photon spectroscopy is a promising method to see and measure quantum effects.
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Cooperativity Functionality and Sensing: A Bio-Inspired Sunlight Pumped Laser Giuseppe Luca Celardo Biological systems can process extremely weak energy sources and signals, such as the Earth's magnetic field or sunlight. To accomplish such efficient coherent effects, the systems have to be highly symmetrical and hierarchical.
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In reply to a question, Krüger noted that his team has not studied quantum illumination for superresolution imaging but focuses instead on spectroscopic applications. Discussion Narang moderated a discussion touching on finding coherence signatures, quantum imaging, and entangled photons and spectrometry.
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Entangled Photons and Spectrometry A participant asked how entangled photons have different diffraction capabilities. Krüger replied that the improvement in the SNR ratio could apply to sensing and imaging, due to the soft Poissonian photon statistics.
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3. Is the spectral density of motions in a biological system somehow tuned to enhance quantum effects?
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