COVID-19 and the Present and Future of Black Communities: The Role of Black Physicians, Engineers, and Scientists Proceedings of a Workshop (2021) / Chapter Skim
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3 Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Black Communities
3 Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Black Communities
Pages 17-32
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From page 17... ...
. • Institutionalized, personally mediated, and internalized racism unfairly disadvantages some groups, unfairly advantages others, and leads to a waste of human talent (Dr.
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The Zulu Club, a group of Black men that has been part of the New Orleans community for decades, continued its tradition of participating in a Mardi Gras parade in late February 2020.1 Of the 40 men who came together, 10 are dead from COVID-19 and another 10 were desperately ill as of the time of the workshop. "There should be no circumstance where the mere idea of socializing leads to a 25 percent mortality rate, maybe higher.
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has needed a trigger to fully address health-care disparities; COVID-19 may be that bellwether event." Others have also published on this, he noted, including another article in the same issue of JAMA (Owen, Carmona, and Pomeroy, 2020) in which the authors stated, "We propose that the overarching cause of these tragic statistics is decades of the effects of adverse social determinants of health….
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that pointed out, "Compared with white individuals, African American individuals have higher rates of uninsurance and underinsurance. Segregation of health care also contributes to disparities in health care with access to primary and especially specialty care physicians more limited in communities of color." They further said the data highlight that social inequities are patterned by place, and "the problem of segregation is not residing among persons of the same race but the clustering of social disadvantage and systematic disinvestment in marginal ized communities." Dr.
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Dr. Yancy urged public health initiatives and ubiquitous testing in high-risk communities as a way to address social vulnerabilities, using the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)
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Blacks are more likely to work in service industry jobs that put them in close contact with others, making social distancing more difficult. Blacks are overrepresented compared with the overall population in the food service, hotel, and transportation industries, again putting them in closer contact with others and unable to work from home.
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compared the reporting of COVID-19 symptoms during hospital visits with treatments received, and found that Black patients reporting those symptoms were less likely to get treatment or testing than white patients. Higher rates of underlying health conditions that predispose Blacks to the more serious complications of COVID-19 include heart disease, diabetes, stroke, kidney disease, respiratory illness, and HIV.
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In addition, both poor and nonpoor Blacks share other stressors, such as interaction with institutionalized and personalized racism, and this also impacts the allostatic load. Allostatic load burden explains higher mortality of Blacks, independent of socioeconomic status and health behaviors, and it underscores the importance of chronic chemical and nonchemical stressors as a negative influence on the health and lifespan of Blacks in the United States, Dr.
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The paper was inspired by work done after 9/11 to create a framework for preparedness and prevention, and he noted its relevance now. NAMING RACISM In early April, recognition of the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 began to grow, first on Blacks, based on data from Milwaukee, and subsequently on indigenous, Pacific Islander, and other communities, said Dr.
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Not only do "Black lives matter," she said, "but Black lives are genius, precious, are leaders, managers, creators. Each time a Black life is sacrificed through undereducation or through disproportionate incarceration or police violence, the loss of that life shakes families affected but also the whole society through the waste of human resources." She noted that many people will acknowledge two states of being, which they might consider "disadvantaged" and "normal." The country is ahistorical, she said, and most people do not recognize that so-called normal is built on history of being advantaged.
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The third type is internalized racism, or acceptance by a stigmatized race of negative messages about their own abilities and intrinsic worth. Self-devaluation may mean a person may not try for a higher-level job or education, or acceptance of the "white man's ice is colder" syndrome in preferring white doctors or other professionals over Blacks.
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The gardener prefers the red flowers since they look more vigorous and perhaps cuts the pink flowers since they are not thriving (akin to personally mediated racism)
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Another participant commented on the allostatic load that may result from chronic stressors and the lived experience of African Americans.
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Dr. Jones called for an antiracism policy for the nation, which she said should include reparations to descendants of Africans enslaved in the United States, decarceration, and massive investment in communities using the principle of providing resources according to need.
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"We have to fight in areas such as education, housing, and policing," he said. "We have the opportunity to understand systemic racism and the possibility of making change." REFERENCES American Public Media Research Lab.
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From page 32... ...
2018. A decade of studying implicit racial/ethnic bias in healthcare providers using the implicit association text.
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