Addressing the Drivers of Criminal Justice Involvement to Advance Racial Equity Proceedings of a Workshop—in Brief (2021) / Chapter Skim
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Addressing the Drivers of Criminal Justice Involvement to Advance Racial Equity: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Addressing the Drivers of Criminal Justice Involvement to Advance Racial Equity: Proceedings of a Workshop - in Brief
Pages 1-12
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Across these domains, supporting children and families was a common theme from the presentations and discussions. PUTTING YOUTH DEVELOPMENT AND IDENTITY INTO CONTEXT When considering how to reduce racial disparities, said Micere Keels (University of Chicago)
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First, diversion efforts and programming for youth involved in sex work need to consider the intersections of race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression and need to be inclusive of youth across the entire spectrum of identities. There is a need, she said, for diversion programs targeted to masculine youth of color who receive violent crimes and weapons charges, particularly if no one was injured.
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The National Center on the Sexual Behavior of Youth is a nationwide program aimed at working with courts, child welfare agencies, and families to support and treat youth. One component of this program is a toolkit for American Indian and Alaska Native tribal communities to "restore the sacred circle" through a range of interventions, including trauma-based cognitive behavioral therapy.
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ADDRESSING NEIGHBORHOOD CONDITIONS TO ADVANCE RACIAL EQUITY Speakers discussed the social and physical features that shape neighborhood conditions and can influence racial inequalities in crime, victimization, and criminal justice involvement. John MacDonald (University of Pennsylvania)
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Many individuals leaving jails and prisons exit into homelessness, Johnson said, and those who cannot find affordable housing are more likely to recidivate. This cycle of homelessness, poverty, and incarceration can be broken by implementing policies that increase access to affordable housing, making investments in the construction of deeply affordable housing, providing housing assistance to all in need, ending the criminalization of homelessness, and removing barriers to housing access for people who have been involved in the criminal justice system.
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Johnson added that while there is no "silver bullet" solution, the country can begin by making investments in communities that have been historically and purposefully disinvested. RESHAPING SYSTEMS TO REDUCE RACIAL INEQUALITIES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE Throughout the workshop, speakers highlighted multiple systems that interact with the criminal justice system as promising sites of intervention to mitigate racial inequality.
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This network relies on community health workers who have a history of incarceration themselves and who work alongside a primary care team. Studies have shown that these programs, which partner formerly incarcerated community health workers with a primary care team, increase patient engagement, reduce hospitalizations, and reduce future criminal justice contact.
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Finally, in June 2020, the school board passed a resolution that will eliminate the Oakland Unified School District's police department and will reallocate the money toward student support services, such as schoolbased social workers, psychologists, restorative justice and transformative justice practitioners, and other mental or behavioral health professionals. Mims noted that this was the result of a 10-year campaign, but that the organization used the events of 2020 (the death of George Floyd and the movement for racial equity)
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Naidoo offered several approaches for addressing the racial inequalities in drug policy: repealing barriers to housing, educational opportunities, employment, and voting that are based on drug convictions; expunging or sealing drug-related criminal convictions and evaluating those for people who are currently serving long sentences; eliminating sentencing enhancements based on prior drug offenses; eliminating sentencing disparities between crack and powder cocaine; and requiring a racial impact analysis for any criminal justice legislation. Beyond those specific policy changes, said Naidoo, our country needs a fundamental paradigm shift in drug policy that moves away from criminalization and toward a health-centered approach.
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These policies aim to reduce racial disparities in employment outcomes, but the study found that disparities were actually exacerbated. White applicants were far more likely than Black applicants to receive call-backs after the policy was implemented; the study's authors theorized that without information on criminal records, employers made assumptions about the criminal history of individuals based on race.
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Emily Wang (Yale University) noted that there are not "high-quality data on how health systems either contribute to, augment, or mitigate racial inequity in the criminal justice system." She said that correctional facilities all operate differently, and there is no systematic method for measuring the quality of health care within the system, tracking transitions of care after incarceration, or identifying previously incarcerated individuals in electronic health records.
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. Addressing the Drivers of Criminal Justice Involvement to Advance Racial Equity: Proceedings of a Workshop -- in Brief.
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