Airport Biometrics: A Primer (2021) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 91-116
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 91... ...
91 System Design and Information Technology Architecture Summary This chapter focuses on the IT architecture related to biometric technologies and solutions. First, the focus is on the variety of types of biometric credentials, choices for storage of biometric data, and different biometric interaction touchpoints such as e-gates, camera-on-a-stick, kiosks, and walk-through tunnels.
|
From page 92... ...
92 Airport Biometrics: A Primer with the typical issues covering a range of business risks. By business risks in biometric rollouts, the authors mean: • Will the capital program be right-sized for the objectives?
|
From page 93... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 93 Summarizing: • The IT architecture software is made up of the applications, computer programs, and data that drive the airports' processes, passenger services, and operational systems. Examples of biometric software are the mobile applications or programs used for access control with a fingerprint and check-in via facial recognition.
|
From page 94... ...
94 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Stakeholders Stakeholders are important in determining the feasibility of a concept in a real-world environment. Private- and public-sector stakeholders must collaborate to pilot a prototype, apply iterative development methodologies to demonstrate its value, and seek continuous feedback from each other to adapt accordingly.
|
From page 95... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 95 Often, technology specifications of infrastructure, communication protocols, and other details such as how data are stored are left to the designer of the system, which in many cases is the vendor of the technology solution. Nonetheless, choices that an airport, airline, or government makes related to performance, envisioned use, and interoperability have a significant impact on which infrastructure components should be considered.
|
From page 96... ...
96 Airport Biometrics: A Primer There are now more than 100 countries that issue e-passports (see Figure 5-1)
|
From page 97... ...
Source: ICAO n.d.-c. Note: PKD = public key directory; MRP = machine-readable passport.
|
From page 98... ...
98 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Any credential being developed will eventually need to be embraced by governments, industry, and citizens and accepted throughout the world, which is an inherently complex undertaking that will take time. With the recent COVID-19 experience, travel documents may need to incorporate health certificates, and consideration of this is needed in the development of the DTC.
|
From page 99... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 99 over the network. The issue with encryption is deciding where encryption keys will be stored and who will be trusted with their access.
|
From page 100... ...
100 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Biometric Touchpoint Interactions Travelers are required at various points in their journeys to interact with various customerfacing biometric solutions. Some of these biometric interactions (e.g., e-gates, camera-on-astick, kiosks, and walking through gate or tunnel)
|
From page 101... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 101 the most common being the camera-on-a-stick method, which refers to the camera being used for facial recognition. The advantages of the camera-on-a-stick, from the point of view of CBP and some airlines, are that the overall capital cost is low and the biometric processes are integrated with other customer interactions.
|
From page 102... ...
102 Airport Biometrics: A Primer IATA has been working on this initiative for 15 years, with the aspiration that its solution can be adopted initially in markets struggling with capacity. The rollout of OneID has seen several pilot projects; however, a wider adoption will take time.
|
From page 103... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 103 Model 1 Government/ Authority Model 2 Third Party Model 3 Per Trip Model 4 Per Life Federalized Model 5 Per Life SSI Example e-passport* CLEAR Happy Flow Digi Yatra DTC on blockchain Enrollment How to enroll Every 5–10 years, at a government location outside the airport Once, at airport Every trip, prior to checkin at or outside airport Once, at government location outside airport Once, on a personal device, verified by a government agency Ability to opt out Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Data (biometrics/ biographic)
|
From page 104... ...
104 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Model 1 Government/ Authority Model 2 Third Party Model 3 Per Trip Model 4 Per Life Federalized Model 5 Per Life SSI to stored biometric on the physical credential encrypted and sent as photo/template to third party for matching with on-file biometric to stored biometric on personal device or temporarily on airport system encrypted and sent as photo/template to government for matching with on-file biometric to biometric on personal device (verified by issuer of digital credential) Data facilitation Type of platform Local or cloudbased orchestration platform Private cloudbased orchestration platform Local template database and orchestration platform Cloud-based orchestration platform Orchestration platform, distributed ledger, and mobile DTC app Storage of data at location Government, airline, and airport servers (temporary)
|
From page 105... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 105 experiences a streamlined journey without having to enroll in advance. The core challenge with this model is legislative restrictions that prevent the extension of IDaaS beyond its current mandated realm.
|
From page 106... ...
106 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Example: Traveler Verification Service A digital ID verification service in the United States is the TVS. This service, which is provided by CBP, is based on the concept of IDaaS.
|
From page 107... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 107 the Schiphol Group. In the past 4 years leading up to 2020, this group piloted a streamlined, user-friendly, end-to-end experience at Aruba International Airport.
|
From page 108... ...
108 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Model 5: Per Life – Federalized Model with SSI An SSI is owned by the individual. As owner, individuals have access to and can refer to and share components of this identity at their discretion.
|
From page 109... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 109 Metric Notes Model 1 Government/ Authority Model 2 Third Party Model 3 Per Trip Model 4 Per Life Federalized Model 5 Per Life SSI Example e-passport CLEAR Happy Flow Digi Yatra DTC on blockchain Enrollment Pre-journey enrollment is possible. No Yes Yes Yes Yes Accessibility for all passengers Passengers with reduced mobility, families with children, the elderly, requirement for a passport?
|
From page 110... ...
110 Airport Biometrics: A Primer Metric Notes Model 1 Government/ Authority Model 2 Third Party Model 3 Per Trip Model 4 Per Life Federalized Model 5 Per Life SSI Operational Efficiencies Time savings (speed at checkpoints) Medium Medium High High Medium Customer experience improvement Assuming a faster, relaxed journey is delivered, disregarding preference for data ownership (considered in a different metric)
|
From page 111... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 111 stakeholders. This option also has the advantage of offering more opportunities for a stricter set of guidelines and allows for more transparency and broader privacy-protection guidelines.
|
From page 112... ...
112 Airport Biometrics: A Primer • ACI is a representative of the airport industry responsible for guidance and facilitation of biometric passenger processing developments. ACI strives for efficiencies in the entire industry.
|
From page 113... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 113 Network Processing Loads and Network Switching Network processing loads and network switching refer to the concept of ensuring that the network is efficiently designed and properly balanced and that no item in the network is doing all the work, leading to reduced performance. All the devices that are connected should be sharing the required workloads to make sure that there are no delays, bottlenecks, or slow response times.
|
From page 114... ...
114 Airport Biometrics: A Primer is minimally obtrusive. The lighting arrangement should be appropriate for the application.
|
From page 115... ...
System Design and Information Technology Architecture 115 It is important to plan for the inevitable because the biggest risk areas are the loss of landside or airside activity and the loss of baggage systems that work between landside and airside, leading to major impacts on airports, airlines, and passengers. Contingency plans with a recognized structure and model need to be developed to address what happens when things go wrong.
|
From page 116... ...
116 Airport Biometrics: A Primer and needs flexible and economical infrastructure that can manage variable processing and data requirements. Data ownership in any environment relates to both the possession of and responsibility for information.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.