The Use of Limited Access Privilege Programs in Mixed-Use Fisheries (2021) / Chapter Skim
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7 Broader Community Social and Economic Effects
7 Broader Community Social and Economic Effects
Pages 133-150
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From page 133... ...
Rather, reduced pressure on the bluefin tuna resource is associated with management systems that raised the effective cost of open access fishing during a period when global prices for bluefin tuna also declined.
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From page 134... ...
The leading example is bluefin tuna, where the decline of participation in the pelagic longline fishery (that is involved in individual bycatch quotas) is best attributed to market conditions in the international trade for swordfish and tunas.
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From page 135... ...
, which directs the Councils or the Secretary of Commerce to "consider the basic cultural and social framework of the fishery … through the development of policies to promote the sustained participation of small owner-operated fishing vessels and fishing communities," "include measures to assist, when necessary and appropriate, entry-level and small vessel owner-operators, captains, crew, and fishing communities through set-asides of harvesting allocation," and "ensure that limited access privilege holders do not acquire an excessive share of the total limited access privileges in the program." They conclude that this language (e.g., Section 1853a(c)
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From page 136... ...
Any positive or negative effects of LAPPs on private and for-hire recreational fisheries could affect ancillary businesses, such as marinas and fishing supply houses. Downsizing of commercial fishing enterprises and fleets, an objective of many LAPPs, can reduce employment, hurt ancillary businesses, reduce commercial footprint in waterfronts vulnerable to gentrification, and so forth.
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From page 137... ...
Provide for the sustained participation of such communities; and (2) To the extent practicable, minimize adverse economic impacts on such communities." The MSA defines fishing community as "a community which is substantially dependent on or substantially engaged in the harvest or processing of fishery resources to meet social and economic needs, and includes fishing vessel owners, operators, and crew and United States fish processors that are based in such a community."4 In interpreting this definition, the National Marine Fisheries Service has stated that [a]
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From page 138... ...
Information on recreational fisheries engagement and reliance is part of the community profiles, but changes in variables such as employment cannot be sorted out between recreational and commercial fisheries. The issue of impacts of LAPPs in mixed-use fisheries on communities could address relationships between the commercial LAPP fisheries and the for-hire and private recreational fisheries, in terms of access to and competition for infrastructure, municipal support, and
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From page 139... ...
The 5-year review had little information on the social and economic effects on communities of the IFQ program for red snapper but made an effort to discuss both "suggested" and "revealed" social impacts of IFQ measures. They state: "a comprehensive study of the social impacts resulting from implementation of the RS-IFQ program has not been conducted due to limitations of time and personnel." A key question they would like to explore: "How have fishing communities and fish houses been affected by the RS-IFQ program?
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From page 140... ...
The west coast of Florida was identified as a region that was allocated relatively little quota share due to low historic harvests but now has abundant red snapper. Social network analysis was done to better understand share and allocation trades but was unable to test these and other allegations with the data (Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council, 2013)
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From page 141... ...
Share values for a number of fisheries, particularly red snapper, have increased. It is plausible that some individuals who sold their shares would interpret the outcome as unfair when in actuality they simply guessed wrong.
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From page 142... ...
found virtually unanimous approval of the grouper-tilefish IFQ program for the flexibility and autonomy created, which fit well with the value of independence, the value that drew and has held many in this livelihood. However, there were major concerns expressed by large and small participants alike, including the problem of regulatory discards of red snapper due to the scarcity of red snapper shares in the eastern Gulf, and the effects of the initial allocation and subsequent trading on creation of sharp distinctions between "winners" and "losers," with concern that a few of the winners can exert undue control over leasing costs.
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From page 143... ...
The available community profiles, from the SAFE reports for highly migratory species, show that the homeports with highest measures of engagement in and/or dependence on the pelagic longline fisheries in recent years are Montauk, New York; Barnegat Light, New Jersey; Cape May, New Jersey; and Grand Isle, Louisiana. Others with significant engagement are Beaufort, North Carolina, and Panama City, Florida, which like most coastal ports have diverse economies, reducing reliance on the fisheries.
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From page 144... ...
Those targeting bluefin tuna tended to be wealthier people, mostly men, seeking adventure and trophies. Recreational fishing drives a large economy of marine trades (tackle, boats, engines, etc.)
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From page 145... ...
The golden tilefish commercial fishery is embedded in and important to specific place-based fishing communities, namely Montauk, New York (and neighboring Hampton Bays) , and Barnegat Light, New Jersey, although open access vessels that catch tilefish as incidental catches are found in a far larger number of places in the Mid-Atlantic and New England areas.
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From page 146... ...
. Recreational fisheries, private angler and for hire, are based in Montauk and Barnegat Light as well as other coastal ports in the region.
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From page 147... ...
. This feature is also a weakness for understanding impacts of fishery management because such impacts may be diffuse in the broader community and thus difficult to resolve quantitatively from the SICC.
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From page 148... ...
Average 2011-2018 labor vulnerability less 2009 labor vulnerability separated by Gulf (1) and Atlantic coast (0)
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From page 149... ...
NOAA's effort to develop systematic data on coastal communities that engage in commercial and recreational fishing is an important contribution to assessing community needs and the success of fisheries management programs in meeting
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From page 150... ...
Furthermore, smaller-scale fishers or those in underserved communities could benefit most from providing training in support of transfer markets such as finding trading partners, how to value assets (e.g., future fishing conditions, estimate costs and prices, assess risk preferences, and their time value of money; Ropicki, 2013) , and expansion of loan programs that can help sustain fishing in the local community.
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