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Pages 10-24

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From page 10...
... RECOMMENDATION 2: Foreign assistance donors, including the Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs, U.S. Department of State, should conduct an evidence-based assessment of their training modules to determine how aligned the curricula are with available evidence on the outcomes of organizational structures, policies, and practices that promote the rule of law and protection of the public and on the contexts in which such structures, policies, and practices work.
From page 11...
... RECOMMENDATION 5: To advance a policing research framework suitable for multiple countries, foreign assistance donors should raise awareness in host countries of the value of recording and reporting crime and harm metrics. In addition, they should encourage the re search community to establish a model crime reporting system for vio lent crimes and the identification of geographic concentrations of harm from crime and disorder to strengthen understanding of both crime and how officers are responding to crime across countries.
From page 13...
... the architecture necessary for international drug control and cross-border law enforcement cooperation."1 To advance its own efforts to build knowledge, assess existing evidence, and improve its programs, INL asked the Committee on Law and Justice (CLAJ) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene an ad hoc consensus committee to review and assess existing evidence on policing institutions, police practices and capacities, and police legitimacy in the international context.2 1 For more information about the Bureau, see https://www.state.gov/about-us-bureau of-international-narcotics-and-law-enforcement-affairs.
From page 14...
... 3 To 3 Each consensus report in this series of five reports will be released in PDF format in se quence of completion. A final, sixth report will compile the five reports into one published volume and be available through the National Academies Press (http://www.nap.edu)
From page 15...
... Panelists were invited from the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission, the United Nations Police Division, and academic institutions with expertise in researching these themes and experience in executing police reforms. Discussions at the workshop were a primary source of information for the committee's deliberations, and speakers were identified based on the relevance of their work to the study question.
From page 16...
... Drawing on relevant lit erature, particularly from the international context, the project will inform the State Department's capacity-building activities aimed at strengthening the effectiveness of local, in-country law enforcement agencies, building the technical skills of for eign law enforcement personnel through training and technical assistance, and assisting in institutional police reform at the local level. Each of the five (5)
From page 17...
... The amount and type of assistance provided to specific police organizations and functions vary and are typically based on country-specific assessments. In some cases, INL police assistance programs may target areas for functional reform and capacity building, such as improving police training, internal accountability, police-community relations, civil disorder management and control, or management and supervision.6 All such programs share a general proposition that assistance from the United States can contribute to sustainable, institutional development in partner countries.
From page 18...
... The United Nations defines the concept as: A principle of governance in which all persons, institutions, and entities, public and private, including the state itself, are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, and independently adjudicated that are consistent with international human rights norms and standards. It requires measures to ensure adherence to the principles of supremacy of law, equality before the law, accountability to the law, fairness in the appli cation of the law, separation of powers, participation in decision-making, legal certainty, avoidance of arbitrariness, and procedural and legal trans parency.
From page 19...
... Human Rights and Public Protection Both the ROL definitions cited above highlight the principle that the laws of a state, as well as their enforcement, should be "consistent with international human rights norms and standards." Adherence to human rights standards, understood as a set of normative commitments (Bottoms and Tankebe, 2017) , is related to increased legitimacy in policing, including aspects such as restraining from the abuse of force and the provision of safety to the citizens to ensure they can exercise their rights and obligations.
From page 20...
... The police institution, as the entity to which the state delegates its monopoly on the legitimate use of force and with which citizens come into direct contact, has great responsibility to act in ways consistent with laws and international human rights norms and standards. The extent to which police forces adhere to constraints on the state's coercive authority is a key indicator of the strength of rule of law in a given community or country.
From page 21...
... Restraints on policing, starting at the organizational level and working their way down to the individual officer, are therefore an essential tool in the promotion of the rule of law and the protection of the population. Moreover, according to one recent study in Liberia, police reforms in postconflict settings may also improve citizens' perceptions of police (Blair and Morse, 2021)
From page 22...
... Much of this research has been conducted in the Global North and focuses on the crime-prevention functions of policing. However, a growing body of research also addresses such concerns as police efforts to improve relationships with the communities they serve; improving trust and satisfaction in specific interactions with citizens; and strengthening internal accountability mechanisms for rule-of-law policing.
From page 23...
... Having high-quality information on both crime and internal police functioning can then facilitate more accurate targeting of problems with solutions supported by evidence, rather than the indiscriminate implementation of vague or non-evidencebased approaches. This capacity building equally requires a commitment to transparency, accountability, and responsible spending related to police activities and actions.
From page 24...
... Receptivity. Even when research is translated, an evidence-based policing approach requires that law enforcement agencies and their officers build receptivity to this knowledge, which in turn demands educational, structural, and cultural adjustments in law enforcement agencies that allow officers and agencies to be amenable to such knowledge (see specific examples in Lum and Koper, 2017)


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