Preparing for LNG by Rail Tank Car: A Review of a U.S. DOT Safety Research, Testing, and Analysis Initiative (2021) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Pages 11-22
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 11... ...
11 Natural gas production in the United States has increased considerably over the past decade. The application of hydraulic fracturing and directional drilling techniques has enabled the extraction of oil and gas from reserves in regions not previously known for hydrocarbon production such as the Bakken Formation in North Dakota and Marcellus Shale Gas Play centered largely in Pennsylvania.
|
From page 12... ...
12 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR to 1/600th of its gaseous form. This denser, liquefied natural gas (LNG)
|
From page 13... ...
INTRODUCTION 13 cars were originally authorized to transport other cryogenic liquids such as argon, ethylene, nitrogen, and oxygen.8,9 As depicted in Figure 1-1, the DOT-113 class of tank cars consists of an inner tank supported in an outer jacket, hereafter referred to as an outer tank.10 The inner tank, made of stainless steel, contains the cargo. The outer tank, which is made of carbon steel, supports the inner tank and contains insulation and a vacuum in the annular space between the two tanks to contain cryogenic liquids having boiling points lower than –130°F at atmospheric pressure.11 The DOT-113 specification is not a pressure tank car.
|
From page 14... ...
14 FI G U R E 1 -1 S ch em at ic o f D O T -1 13 t an k ca r an d it s ke y fe at ur es .
|
From page 15... ...
INTRODUCTION 15 railroad tank car, as required by an April 2019 Executive Order (EO 13868)
|
From page 16... ...
16 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR understanding of the types and magnitude of risk posed by LNG when moved in bulk quantities by rail; identify and assess measures that can reduce these risks; and provide a more complete understanding of preparations needed to respond to any incidents that might arise. The Task Force was formed in January 2020, 3 months after the notice of proposed rulemaking to authorize LNG's rail transportation by the standard DOT-113 tank car and 6 months prior to the final rule granting this authorization with conditions for the modification of the tank car's design and operational controls.
|
From page 17... ...
INTRODUCTION 17 TABLE 1-1 Tasks in the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Task Force Project Plan as Categorized by the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration and the Federal Railroad Administration KNOW the Risk PREDICT the Risk REDUCE the Risk PREPARE for the Risk International Experience Transporting LNG by Rail Evaluate Punctures and Derailment Simulation Modeling Electronically Controlled Pneumatic Brakes Emergency Responder Opinions and Needs Loading and Unloading Safety Assessment Worst-Case Scenarios Model Train Operational Controls Educational and Outreach Plan Quantitative Risk Assessment Safety and Security Route Risk Assessment Automated Track Inspection Program Full-Scale Impact Testing Train Energy and Dynamics Simulator Portable Tank Fire Testing Modal Conversion Between LNG by Truck and Rail planned tasks, and is therefore limited to reviewing these tasks.
|
From page 18... ...
18 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR BOX 1-1 Statement of Task An ad hoc committee appointed by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine will review, per request of Congress, current U.S. Department of Transportation (U.S.
|
From page 19... ...
INTRODUCTION 19 Phase 2 The committee will engage in information gathering and analysis to conduct an in-depth study of topics relevant to ensuring the safe movement of LNG by rail if allowed by special permit or regulatory authorization. At a minimum, the committee will examine: • The experience of transporting LNG in bulk shipments by other modes, including by water and truck, to identify basic principles applied for safety assurance that can inform measures taken by government and industry to ensure the safe movement of LNG by rail; • What is known about the effectiveness of special regulatory and industry measures intended to assure the safe transportation of other relevant bulk rail shipments of hazardous materials, especially any routing, speed, and other operational controls applied to high-hazard flammable trains and accompanying enhanced track inspection regimes; and • The applicability to bulk rail transportation of LNG of current emergency response plans, protocols, and guides for responding to LNG transportation incidents, such as in PHMSA's Emergency Response Guidebook.
|
From page 20... ...
20 PREPARING FOR LNG BY RAIL TANK CAR hazard characteristics of LNG would affect the consequences of an incident. Next, in terms of relevance, the committee reviewed for completeness and quality of the tasks that address rail transportation of hazardous materials more generally, an example being the Task Force's Safety and Security Route Risk Assessment.
|
From page 21... ...
INTRODUCTION 21 hazards when transported by rail and other modes. Chapters 3 through 5 assess the completeness and quality of the 15 tasks grouped according to the relevance criteria explained above.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.