Why Indoor Chemistry Matters (2022) / Chapter Skim
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It matters because people spend most of their time at home or in other indoor locations. Complex mixtures of chemicals in indoor environments may adversely impact indoor air quality and human health.
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PARTITIONING OF CHEMICALS IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS Partitioning of chemicals plays an important role in indoor chemistry and indoor air quality. Partitioning refers to both the thermodynamic state of chemicals distributed among phases in a system and the processes that transfer chemicals among phases, generally with a net tendency to approach equilibrium.
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Models to predict thermodynamic parameters exist, but their appli cation to real indoor materials has not been widely demonstrated. Furthermore, models have not been successfully applied to some chemical classes important in indoor environments, such as surfactants.
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This data gap can lead to incomplete toxicological and epidemiological evaluation of chemi cal dose and health outcomes in indoor environments. Furthermore, such uncertainties in reactive chemistry, when coupled with uncertainties in partitioning, make it challenging to determine the relative importance of the major exposure pathways for many indoor chemicals.
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Among field based studies, emergent tools are addressing long-standing challenges of assessing spatial and temporal resolution on concentrations of airborne hazards, as well as diversity of chemical species in indoor air. Consumer-grade measurement tools and research-grade, high-resolution instrumenta tion are achieving wider use in indoor environments.
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Recommendation 1: Researchers should further investigate the chemical composition of complex mixtures present indoors in a wide range of residential and nonresidential settings and how these mixtures impact chemical exposure and health. Recommendation 4: All stakeholders should proactively engage across disciplines to further the development of knowledge on the fundamental aspects of complex indoor chemistry and its impact on indoor environmental quality, exposure assessment, and human health.
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Future Investments in Research The emerging picture of indoor environments indicates chemical complexity in gas, particle, and surface phases. Although new analytical tools have been instrumental in improving understand ing of indoor chemistry, several key challenges remain that will require strategic investments.
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Mitigating chemical hazards will depend on many fac tors and needs to be done in a manner that considers the impacts of any mitigation strategy itself on the indoor environment. This will require efforts in changing building design and operation, altering the use and contents of products and materials, and addressing the impact of human activ ity on indoor chemistry.
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