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Roots and Trajectories of Violent Extremism and Terrorism A Cooperative Program of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences (1995-2020) (2022) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix A: The Kona Statement
Pages 111-114

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From page 111...
... On the other hand, they have been the source of corrosive tensions and destructive conflicts, leading to the deaths of millions of people and to huge material losses, blocking economic and political reform, and serving as a justification for violations of human rights and the imposition of oppressive regimes.... For centuries, problems arose in places where migration and political change resulted in communities of minorities that had different ethnic identities or national traditions.
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From page 112...
... Special educational efforts should be directed to traditionally disadvantaged ethnic groups to improve their ability to define their own interests, responsibilities, and possibilities in the larger society and to assume positions of political and economic leadership at both local and national levels. Individuals and organizations in the mass media should be encouraged to assume responsibility for carefully investigating and verifying accounts of ethnic threats or confrontations before publicizing them.
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From page 113...
... At that point, the government must move promptly to maintain order and authority; and it must make clear its rejection of violence as a mode of political action, including violence by an element of the national majority or of a politically dominant minority…. The most immediate need is for strengthened measures to maintain public order.
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From page 114...
... Sooner or later, the conflict must end, and it will be necessary to reconstruct a civil order from the wreckage left by the ethnic struggle. The parties to the struggle must be reconciled and the claims of victory must be adjusted to the realities of the continued national functioning and the necessities of continued ethnic coexistence.… Unfortunately, it is often true that the militias responsible for the violence are made into heroes and thereby reap political benefits.
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Key Terms

  • ethnic tensions
  • continued ethnic
  • responsible control
  • inevitably develop
  • national majority

  • including violence
  • political reform
  • national functioning
  • technically biased
  • political discourse

  • include instruction
  • oppressive regimes
  • managing ethnic
  • latency stage
  • reap political

  • maintain order
  • fundamentally affects
  • ethnic threats
  • special educational
  • international pressure

  • verifying accounts
  • acts breaching
  • ethnic libel
  • ethnic identities
  • economic leadership

  • blocking economic
  • human rights
  • assuming national
  • public discussion
  • eastern europe


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