Roots and Trajectories of Violent Extremism and Terrorism A Cooperative Program of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Russian Academy of Sciences (1995-2020) (2022) / Chapter Skim
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5 Interests in the Middle East and Beyond
5 Interests in the Middle East and Beyond
Pages 85-102
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From page 85... ...
– Former Prime Minister Yevgeny Primakov, during an NAS-RAS dialogue in Moscow, 2009. Jihadists are probably fewer than 100,000 in number, with annual budgets totaling less than $10 million.
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From page 86... ...
New centers of scientific excellence would be supported in Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. New American science envoys would stimulate programs to help develop more reliable sources of energy, create green jobs, digitize records, provide clean water, and grow new crops.
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From page 87... ...
Then it concludes with views on violence and security in a wider variety of countries expressed at a series of NAS-RAS workshops in several countries. INTER-ACADEMY DIALOGUES UNDER CO-CHAIRMANSHIP OF FORMER PRIME MINISTER YEVGENY PRIMAKOV AND FORMER UNDERSECRETARY OF STATE THOMAS PICKERING2 Three bilateral dialogues, each extended over 3 days, involved a total of 50 participants selected by the NAS and the RAS.
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From page 88... ...
2019: NAS-RAS workshop in Moscow on the scientific aspects of violent extremism and radiological security. Visit by American workshop participants to RADON in Sergiev Posad, near Moscow (see also Chapter 3)
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From page 89... ...
Yevgeni Primakov, former prime minister of Russia, underscored that the Israeli cabinet clearly planned to maintain the political status quo while continuing to build settlements on the West Bank and in East Jerusalem. He observed that President Obama apparently abandoned his initial search for peace due to political pressure at home.
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From page 90... ...
The young people soon possessed a new powerful tool of organizations and leadership (without leaders) , namely information technology.
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From page 91... ...
The discussion then turned to the Israeli-Palestinian situation and to documents released by Al Jazeera that indicated the closeness of reaching an Israeli-Palestinian agreement under Israel's Ehud Olmert government. After extended conversations about the Israeli-Palestinian challenges, attention focused on Egypt, including common U.S.-Russian concerns such as spread of terrorism, development of weapons of mass destruction, changes in the price of energy resources, and Islamist extremism.
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From page 92... ...
The participants discussed many other issues throughout the Middle East, including poverty and frustration among the people. They focused on practical issues that could improve the lives of the people, starting with health and water issues.
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From page 93... ...
• Arab economic policies were reactive in nature and prevented ruling elites from taking any types of peaceful measures that were urgently required. • Social rebellions led to the reduction of economic performance, wage arrears, and disruption of internal economic relations.
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From page 94... ...
In the past, Israeli, Jordanian, and Palestinian negotiators had discussed the need to consider working together -- and with the international donor community -- to develop additional water resources. Seawater desalination had been the main technology discussed in many forums for generating additional fresh water.
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From page 95... ...
Following the fourth workshop in Abu Dhabi, a Russian participant immediately traveled to the United Arab Emirates border with Yemen in response to a request by his government to address violence in the region, again highlighting the relevance of the workshop discussions to current events. A sixth NAS-RAS workshop has been postponed from 2020 to 2022 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
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From page 96... ...
Of special interest were personal observations by workshop participants who had engaged in research and related activities in Spain, Morocco, Tunisia, Iraq, Syria, and Dagestan. Also, the workshop discussions recognized the changing political landscapes throughout the entire Arab world.
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From page 97... ...
• Far-right extremists have at times built local and transnational alliances based on common narratives about anti-Semitism, anti- liberalism, and anti-government. Radicalization: • There have been opportunities to interview thousands of prisoners in Syria and Iraq and thereby improve understanding of the radicali zation and de-radicalization processes.
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From page 98... ...
Topics for Future Inter-Academy Cooperation Given the many organizations throughout the world that are interested in improved understanding of the dimensions of preventing and responding to violent extremism in different geographic settings, this segment of the chapter focuses on two challenges that were repeatedly raised by the participants in the NAS-RAS workshops.
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From page 99... ...
• Greater attention to transforming recommendations into policy, without losing the credibility of the academic underpinnings of such transformations. • Future meetings involving both academics and practitioners in field assessments and control activities to help limit violent extremism, including officials associated with police activities and emergency social services personnel.
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From page 100... ...
2019. The Convergence of Violent Extremism and Radiological Security, Proceedings of a Workshop–in Brief.
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From page 101... ...
The data were provided by the United Nations Development Program.
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