Globally Resilient Supply Chains for Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza Vaccines (2022) / Chapter Skim
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1 Introduction
1 Introduction
Pages 17-24
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From page 17... ...
. Although the most recent influenza pandemic, caused by H1N1 in 2009, was relatively mild because of the virus's low pathogenicity for most adults, a recent simulation by the Institute for Disease Modeling projected that during the 6-month lead time to produce a vaccine effective against a new, more pathogenic pandemic influenza virus, worldwide deaths could approach 33 million people (Gates, 2018)
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Today, despite more than 75 years of scientific progress, including the advent of modern molecular and cellular biology, the vast majority of the world's influenza vaccine supply still comes from this eggbased production process (Pérez Rubio and Eiros, 2018)
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. Often, the mutations associated with antigenic drift are small enough that even if the then-current vaccine is not fully effective, enough of the population will have encountered similar influenza viruses to prevent widespread mortality.
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to develop recommendations to bolster global vaccine manufacturing, distribution, and supply chains for future seasonal and pandemic influenza events. This committee is one of four convened as part of a rapid-response initiative to explore the current state of knowledge about and provide recommendations to improve the global design, composition, clinical trials, production, scale-up, regulatory approval, and distribution of influenza vaccines, including post-approval surveillance for adverse events.
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Review recommendations for pandemic vaccine manufacturing following SARS, H1N1, Ebola, and COVID-19 responses and assess where rec ommendations were not implemented and how they can be incorporated more sustainably for future influenza outbreaks; 2. Review promising tools, technical innovations and institutional processes to identify enabling factors for national vaccine distribution readiness that facilitate equitable distribution and efficient use of resources, including in low-resource countries (e.g., cold-chain management, rapid regulatory prequalification procedures, liability and indemnification frameworks, and strengthening technical capacity of National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups)
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In order to maintain a global focus, the committee aimed to detail broadly applicable supply chain considerations. The other two topics listed, vaccine research and development and global partnerships for influenza, are the subject of two of the other consensus studies that are part of an overall National Academies' activity (see fn.
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2020b. Estimated influenza illnesses, medical visits, hospitalizations, and deaths in the United States -- 2019–2020 influenza season.
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2016. An overview of the regulation of influenza vaccines in the United States.
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