District Heating and Cooling in the United States Prospects and Issues (1985) / Chapter Skim
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7 Conclusions and Recommendations
7 Conclusions and Recommendations
Pages 85-94
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From page 85... ...
Institutional systems have increased in number considerably since 1950. More than 3,000 institutional systems are estimated to exist in the United States today.
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From page 86... ...
Except for direct financial incentives, the greatest degree of market penetration would be brought about by regulatory reform, particularly by state public utility commissions, together with tax treatment equivalent to that of competing energy sources. o HUD should extend the district heating and cooling assessment program to include studies of the feasibility of expanding institutional systems to create new or expand existing urban systems.
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From page 87... ...
They can reduce or preclude the combination of fuel flexibility and technical advantages that make district heating and cooling systems economically viable. In addition, environmental regulations usually fail to consider adequately that district heating and cooling systems replace many, untreated, individual sources of air pollution with a single, treated source.
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From page 88... ...
- Transferring district heating and cooling property to a municipal government or tax-exempt organization without recapture of depreciation or investment tax credit by the former owner. - Applying accelerated capital cost recovery schedules to district heating and cooling property and retrofitted equipment.
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From page 89... ...
Few data are available on the extent and condition of district heating and cooling in the United States. Despite all the studies funded by industry and government, the data are still fragmented, incomplete, and often biased.
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From page 90... ...
The information should be readily available to the general public. o DOE should fund studies to determine the extent of district heating and cooling, particularly institutional systems, in the United States.
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From page 91... ...
In particular, DOE has helped develop economic models and assessment techniques that can simplify the planning for future urban systems. Similarly, HUD's urban development action grant program has provided both key funding and encouragement in developing new and revitalized urban district heating and cooling systems.
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From page 92... ...
The international market for district cooling, in particular, could do well, since virtually all the district cooling is located in the United States. The district heating and cooling industry, typical of the construction industry, is small and fragmented.
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From page 93... ...
These two estimates do not include the institutional systems that are by far the largest segment of district heating in the United States, nor do they include district cooling or noncogenerating facilities. o DOE should convene industry, academic, and user groups to aid in establishing and evaluating its research agenda for district heating and cooling.
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