Systematizing the One Health Approach in Preparedness and Response Efforts for Infectious Disease Outbreaks Proceedings of a Workshop (2022) / Chapter Skim
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4 Current One Health Efforts and Opportunities
4 Current One Health Efforts and Opportunities
Pages 43-64
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From page 43... ...
Esron Karimuribo, professor at Sokoine University, Tanzania, discussed community-based data collection efforts. James Hospedales, executive director at the Caribbean Public Health Agency, noted various environmental impacts on pandemic activity and other health considerations and discussed environmental surveillance.
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From page 44... ...
The AfyaData participatory disease surveillance technology factored in these challenges during development for use at the community level as part of a One Health approach. This community focus incorporates the local environment, including local languages.
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From page 45... ...
Impacts of Human Destruction of Nature on Global Health Smolinski asked about the impact of human destruction of nature, such as deforestation, and other ecosystem disturbances on the emergence of new diseases. Hospedales stated that over the past 40 years, most pandemics have emerged out of forests and wetlands encroached upon by human activities, such as agriculture and legal and illegal logging.
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From page 46... ...
Because plant health is a major component of One Health, he suggested that pathologists should collaborate with plant health researchers to pursue the One Health approach. Food and the One Health Approach Smolinski noted that despite the relevance of foodborne illnesses to One Health, they are often omitted from initiatives and instead addressed as a siloed issue.
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From page 47... ...
Goldman noted that researchers have focused on this interplay of pathogens and the environments and ecologies in which they live, thrive, and become available to cause human infections. Using Outbreak Simulations to Promote One Health Readiness Smolinski remarked that Sandia National Laboratories have been instrumental in developing simulation exercises -- often referred to as "tabletop exercises" -- to improve One Health efforts.
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From page 48... ...
In the exercise conducted in South Asia, Sandia National Laboratories and Ending Pandemics looked at cross-sector collaboration between the animal health and public health sectors and cross-border collaboration among all countries, said McNeil. Participants identified the need for a South Asia One Health disease surveillance network to foster information sharing across borders.
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From page 49... ...
Applying Plant Pathology to Human and Animal Diseases Smolinski remarked that plants can serve as a model system to advance knowledge or methods that are directly applicable to human health; he asked Rizzo to expound upon this perspective of plant health. Rizzo said that many of the processes that occur in humans and animals also occur in plants.
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From page 50... ...
testing capabilities, and animal health workers are trusted community members who contribute in valuable ways to risk communication in the field. The plant health and animal health sectors have numerous capabilities -- ranging from logistics to epidemiology to laboratory to emergency management -- and this capacity can be leveraged across other sectors.
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Protecting Environments Using the One Health Approach Smolinski asked whether community-based tools or other components of the One Health approach are helping to conserve ecological integrity. Karimuribo noted that AfyaData can be adapted for any scenario.
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From page 52... ...
For example, USDA has a National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods, and DOD has contributed to the knowledge base on foodborne pathogens since the committee's inception.6 Such efforts contribute to the One Health mission by improving the understanding of connections between foodborne pathogens, exposures, and human illness. 6 The National Advisory Committee on Microbiological Criteria for Foods is currently part of the Food Safety and Inspection Service at the U.S.
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From page 53... ...
For example, a mass animal vaccination campaign could be used as an opportunity to address human health awareness issues or conduct short human-health screenings. Crowdsourcing Event Verification Smolinski asked how Tanzania's community-based approach addresses rumors that move though the system and whether the AfyaData system is integrated or collaborating with data systems such as Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMED)
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From page 54... ...
The Smithsonian Museum of Natural History currently features the Outbreak: Epidemics in a Connected World exhibit, which explores epidemics in an emerging and interconnected world with a One Health lens.9 The work 9 More information about the Outbreak: Epidemics in a Connected World exhibit can be found at https://naturalhistory.si.edu/exhibits/outbreak-epidemics-connected-world (accessed April 29, 2021)
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C arlos Das Neves, president at the International Wildlife Disease Association, highlighted One Health approaches in low-income countries that can serve as exemplary models for higher-income countries. Cristina Romanelli, program officer of biodiversity, climate change, and health at the World Health Organization (WHO)
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From page 56... ...
This lack of integration is evidenced by certain executive orders, in which colleagues may call for reviews of the Global Health Security Agenda or mention the impact of climate change, but these concerns are not brought to the fore and the environmental perspective is not fully integrated into the programs. Balbus emphasized that One Health extends beyond pan demics, zoonotic spillover, and animal health.
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From page 57... ...
The missing factors in achieving collaboration may include awareness, interaction, interest, funding, and political will. Das Neves noted that Nigeria and Rwanda have national One Health strategic plans, but many higher-income countries do not.
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From page 58... ...
As part of its commitment to One Health over the past several decades, WHO has identified the need to adopt a broader perspective that expands beyond the full range of infectious and noncommunicable diseases to encompass the ecological and environmental dimensions. Romanelli noted that developing and implementing One Health programs in past decades has inadequately addressed environmental concerns at national and global levels.
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From page 59... ...
Braden noted that One Health approaches have been most successful in places where animal environments and human health are naturally tied together, even to the point of creating unique silos; these types of scenarios lend themselves to an interdigitated approach. For example, rabies control requires dog vaccination programs.
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From page 60... ...
The most successful One Health programs are those that engage all stakeholders with roles to play in One Health solutions, said Das Neves. Institutionalizing and Formalizing Collaborative Agreements for One Health Approaches Nkengasong noted that many One Health initiatives have been informal arrangements among committed individuals in separate organizations or departments.
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From page 61... ...
Global health programs tend to have large budgets, which can disincentivize collaboration with other partners if agencies are wary of potentially relinquishing some of their control over overall budgets. Building in financial incentives to encourage collaboration will warrant considering the overall financial structure of systems and the flows of money within and across them.
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Fostering Local Efforts with Global Collaboration Nkengasong noted that One Health programs are often highly localized in design and implementation. He asked how global policy can preserve the targeted approach while fostering necessary international cooperation.
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Although the private sector is ultimately motivated by financial profitability, common ground can often be found among policy makers and the private sector. Das Neves stated that local relevance is foundational for One Health approaches; however, these cannot be duplicated from one setting to another.
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From page 64... ...
Das Neves chose "commitment." Romanelli highlighted "collaborative leadership." Braden stated that "integration and mainstreaming" are integral to the concept of One Health and the progress that needs be achieved at all levels, in all sectors, and across all disciplines.
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