Systematizing the One Health Approach in Preparedness and Response Efforts for Infectious Disease Outbreaks Proceedings of a Workshop (2022) / Chapter Skim
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2 Keynote: One Health and Preventing Pandemics
2 Keynote: One Health and Preventing Pandemics
Pages 7-18
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special envoy on tuberculosis (TB) , provided an overview of the One Health concept and the shared responsibility across the international community that is needed to establish universal pandemic detection, response, and prevention capability.
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Although prevention strategies often rely on the initial understanding of an issue, surveillance needs to continually inform decision makers and policy makers so they can institute corrective action in as close to real time as possible, said Goosby. Approximately 60 percent of infectious diseases arise from pathogens shared with animals (Taylor et al., 2001)
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This detection can occur long after the virus has had the opportunity to embed and spread within a human population, so resources should be mobilized to enable the surveillance system to operate rapidly in front of a pathogen as it begins to move into humans, he added. ONE HEALTH PANDEMIC RESPONSE FRAMEWORK The ethos of the One Health approach is to provide detection, response, and prevention capabilities at the global, national, and local levels, said Goosby.
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In the United States, the Biden administration is working to convene a specific discussion about threat detection and response from a regional perspective. Goosby added that this is the first time in his career that high-level talks about pathogen detection efforts are taking place, and he was eager to see these pivot into a funded, sustained priority.2 Global Actions in Pandemic Detection Goosby emphasized that improving pandemic detection demands new global action.
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Monitoring all humans, animals, and environments on a global level would likely be unfeasible, so greater sophistication is required to address various surveillance challenges -- for example, strengthening the capacity for earlier detection and developing an alarm system that generates regional alerts to trigger capacity support on a global level. New approaches and novel technology could empower local communities and support traditional surveillance capabilities, especially in hot spots (Allen et al., 2017)
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This pattern exemplifies the shared responsibility of a regional response, which should be modeled and implemented at the global level, he added. Key Response Sectors Several sectors have key roles in response efforts through continuous and episodic engagement.
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The health diplomacy and advocacy sector can contribute to engaging constructively with ministries of health and other parties to identify health priorities, critical implementation issues, and barriers to success. Goosby remarked that it can elevate the role of global health awareness in diplomatic discourse between countries.
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Goosby said that he anticipates that the One Health platform will become increasingly important in this effort. DISCUSSION Student Engagement Barton Behravesh asked Goosby how he might approach engaging students in One Health.
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Similarly, cell phone location patterns can provide data to estimate infection rates, which can be added to the compilation of information used for decisions about, for example, lifting restrictions as well as evaluating public compliance with restrictions and determining the appropriate timing for lifting restrictions. He added that surveillance on face mask use has been conducted via images on closed circuit televisions.
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However, the overwhelming majority of current global health data efforts involve collecting and aggregating data that are never actually analyzed. Increasing Public Awareness of One Health Barton Behravesh asked how to bring the concept of One Health to the awareness of the general public.
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Current Status of One Health Implementation Barton Behravesh remarked that the One Health movement has been ongoing for almost 20 years, but implementation remains a major challenge. The features that are fundamental to operationalizing One Health (i.e., multifactorial, collaborative, transdisciplinary, accountable, and shared responsibility)
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Rather than allowing multinational nongovernmental organizations to implement programs, Rwanda created its own platforms for addressing HIV and TB outbreaks and used these as a foundation for a COVID-19 response. Goosby stated that Rwanda takes the role of "doer," which positions it ahead of other nations in the region in effectively responding to outbreaks.
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