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From page 17... ... 17 As discussed in the previous chapter, a mix of factors is contributing to recent ridership trends, several of which will push ridership in competing directions. To separate the effects of each of these factors, this project conducted statistical analyses that correlate each factor with changes in transit ridership. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... 18 Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Analysis, Causes, and Responses of transit ridership, which account for 40% of U.S. transit ridership overall. Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... Multicity Evaluation 19 or expanded rail systems in places such as Charlotte, North Carolina; Denver, Colorado; and Seattle, Washington. Rail ridership in the mid operating expenses group peaks in 2013, and by 2018, it is 10% lower than its peak and 6% lower than its 2012 level. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... 20 Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Analysis, Causes, and Responses 3.2.1 Service The quantity and quality of transit service provided affects transit ridership. This effect is captured using three measures: • VRM of service is a strong determinant of transit ridership. Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... Multicity Evaluation 21 as more than 10 people or employees per acre. For each percentage point increase (such as from 10% to 11%) Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... 22 Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Analysis, Causes, and Responses effect -- the panel-data models empirically measure whether MSAs with ride-hailing or other modes have higher or lower transit ridership than would be expected when controlling for all other factors in the model. This analysis reveals that: • When ride-hailing enters a market, bus ridership decreases. Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... Multicity Evaluation 23 on transit ridership. While competing factors may offset each other, this approach can be used to calculate the net effect of each factor. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... 24 Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Analysis, Causes, and Responses groups, which shows how ridership changes differ by group. For example, between 2012 and 2018, bus VRM for MSAs in the high operating expenses group increased by 4.2% on average, resulting in 2.5% more bus ridership in that group. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... Multicity Evaluation 25 Figure 3-3. Contributions to bus ridership change for high operating expenses group. Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... 26 Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Analysis, Causes, and Responses Figure 3-4. Contributions to bus ridership change for mid operating expenses group. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... Multicity Evaluation 27 Figure 3-5. Contributions to bus ridership change for low operating expenses group. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... 28 Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Analysis, Causes, and Responses 3.3.2 Contributions to Rail Ridership Change Table 3-2 shows the change in each factor and its contribution to rail ridership change between 2012 and 2018, in the same format as Table 3-1. The small number of MSAs in the low operating expenses group that have rail service were excluded from the analysis, as there are not enough MSAs to draw broad conclusions. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... Multicity Evaluation 29 for the Washington Metro system were a factor that the research team wanted to test. While it had an important effect on rail ridership locally, its relative contribution was small when grouped with other MSAs. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... 30 Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Analysis, Causes, and Responses Figure 3-6. Contributions to rail ridership change for high operating expenses group. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Multicity Evaluation 31 Figure 3-7. Contributions to rail ridership change for mid operating expenses group. Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... 32 Recent Decline in Public Transportation Ridership: Analysis, Causes, and Responses The research team identified a number of factors that affect transit ridership, some of which result in net increases and others in net decreases to transit ridership. Overall, the team found that two sets of factors pushed to increase transit ridership from 2012 to 2018: • More service. Read the entire page →

From page 17...

... 17 As discussed in the previous chapter, a mix of factors is contributing to recent ridership trends, several of which will push ridership in competing directions. To separate the effects of each of these factors, this project conducted statistical analyses that correlate each factor with changes in transit ridership.