2019-2020 Assessment of the Army Research Laboratory (2021) / Chapter Skim
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6 Propulsion Sciences
6 Propulsion Sciences
Pages 84-107
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From page 84... ...
design and analysis, aviation component and structural materials, autonomous systems, robotic mobility and manipulation, and state-of-the-art modeling and experimental facilities. To realize this vision, the propulsion sciences core competency is organized by ARL around three primary research areas in platform power, platform design and control, and intelligent maneuver.
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From page 85... ...
recommendations from the 2018 assessment in certain areas, such as establishing collaborative relations with universities and national laboratories in the study of ignition and combustion characteristics at altitude conditions for various fuels and fuel blends of interest. Collaborative efforts have helped to improve the technical quality of the program and made use of state-of-the-art experimental facilities and models to achieve the objectives.
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From page 86... ...
Nonintrusive Ignition and Combustion Sensing for Engine Feedback Control of Variable Energy Assisted Compression Ignition Engines This work focused on unmanned aerial systems (UASs) and their respective fuels.
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From page 87... ...
This background and the ARL uniqueness were adequately articulated. Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Vibrations in Compact Aviation Turbomachinery This work is about a failure that occurred in a turbo compressor operating at altitude -- it appeared to be a high-cycle failure of compressor blade tips, likely because of vibration.
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From page 88... ...
ARL could use dimensionless numbers more broadly, beyond fluid dynamics and across other propulsion science programs. All the programs have followed the ARLTAB recommendations from the 2018 assessment to augment modeling components to complement experimental investigation.
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From page 89... ...
The rationale behind this proposed device is for quiet power generation to charge batteries, for example, in unmanned vehicles. The proposed device relies on two steps of energy transformation -- burning fuels to heat an emitter (chemical to thermal energy)
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From page 90... ...
Turbocharger Aeroelasticity at Altitudes This program aims to develop computational models of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) turbochargers to predict and remove the onset of fluid-structure interactions causing turbocharger failure.
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From page 91... ...
The molecular dynamics modeling in both the computational design of shape memory polymer actuation and the tailorable and multifunctional dynamic polymer networks can provide data to implement AI methods. Dynamic polymer networks research is a unique combination of morphing, selfhealing, and shape memory.
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From page 92... ...
Dynamic instabilities can lead to catastrophic failure of wind tunnel models, as has happened for prototype rotorcraft in the past. This combined computational and experimental program addresses these critical issues.
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From page 93... ...
The CFD analyses provide data for validation of the rotor sizing, performance, and optimization analysis tools for the cases where test data are not available and where flow details are difficult to measure. A rotor performance analysis tool, JBLADE, is evaluated using the test data and CFD analysis results.
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From page 94... ...
This research focuses on applying modern deep learning (DL) techniques on scanning electron microscopy material microstructure images in an attempt to quantify relationships between material processing parameters, corresponding microstructure, and subsequent material properties.
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From page 95... ...
To date, simple examples have shown promise, and a structural beam experiment is planned to provide the next step in this research. Computational Design and Shape Memory Polymer Actuation for Reconfigurable Aero-Structural Design A coarse-grained molecular dynamics (MD)
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From page 96... ...
In general, the platform modeling is not exploring disruptive or visionary component technology and approaches -- for example, aero-elastically tailored tilt rotor wings. There is an opportunity to be deliberate with the tools to serve as a means to assess the value of breakthrough technologies -- for example, shape memory polymers.
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From page 97... ...
. Tilt Rotor Aeroelasticity Analysis The plan to use computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
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From page 98... ...
Common Research Configuration The plan to include flight dynamics needs to also include structural dynamics, because Group 3 aircraft are an order-of-magnitude and a half bigger than Group 2 aircraft and dynamics considerations are in play. Weight is not an appropriate success metric, especially for small-scale UASs.
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From page 99... ...
Therefore, further research is required to finalize to what extent atmospheric boundary layer turbulence scales will delay separation at UAS size and flying conditions. In addition, the researchers need to extend the wind tunnel studies to oscillating airfoils and to the effects of atmospheric turbulence gusts using active turbulence generation.
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From page 100... ...
Ongoing research needs to emphasize the recognition that molecular mechanics requires nonreductionist multiphysics modeling. Microstructure Deep Learning The methodology works on data from finite element models.
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From page 101... ...
Computational Design and Shape Memory Polymer Actuation for Reconfigurable Aero-Structural Design There is an opportunity for further advances in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations both by considering a wider range of material candidates and by improving the computational efficiency of the MD simulations.
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From page 102... ...
Researchers have expertise in electrical, mechanical, and computer engineering and as well as physics, mathematics, and computational sciences. There is a renewed emphasis on enhancing experimental facilities, including a broad range of robotic platforms, multimodal sensor suites, and powerful simulation platforms as well as expanded research test areas for field studies and evaluations.
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From page 103... ...
The team's expertise, focus, and good work ensure continued success. Calibrating Complex Sensor Suites Sensor calibration is a critically important and challenging task with direct influence on the success or failure of real-world problems.
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From page 104... ...
Emphasis on the needs and nature of the cyberspace wherein the developed systems operate is critical as a capability nears transition into the field. Recognizing the importance of cybersecurity, related considerations need to be made in the early stages of new projects -- it is in general undesirable to introduce cybersecurity considerations and design modifications at the end-stage of system development.
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From page 105... ...
Collaborative efforts have helped improve the technical quality of the program and made use of state-ofthe-art experimental facilities and models to achieve the objectives. The program now does reflect a better balance between experimental and theoretical approaches, the latter including computational efforts.
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From page 106... ...
There is a renewed emphasis on enhancing experimental facilities including a broad range of robotic platforms, multi-modal sensor suites, and powerful simulation platforms as well as expanded research test areas for field studies and evaluations. IM projects include both basic research and applied research projects.
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From page 107... ...
Emphasis on needs and nature of the cyberspace wherein the developed systems operate is critical as a capability nears transition into the field. Recognizing the importance of cybersecurity, related considerations need to be made in the early stages of new projects -- it is in general undesirable to introduce cybersecurity considerations and design modifications at the end-stage of system development.
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