DoD Engagement with Its Manufacturing Innovation Institutes Phase 2 Study Final Report (2021) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
5 Trends in Manufacturing and Workforce Development Driven by COVID-19 Effects
5 Trends in Manufacturing and Workforce Development Driven by COVID-19 Effects
Pages 116-142
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 116... ...
and its readiness to address disrupted supply chains, systemic racism, and the disparity in expectations and composition (gender, race, education level) of the nation's front-line service, production, and essential workforces.
|
From page 117... ...
having one or more Tier 1 direct suppliers in China and at least five million companies (including 938 Fortune 1000 companies) having one or more Tier 2 suppliers in China,1 the global supply chain disruptions were pervasive, impacting every U.S.
|
From page 118... ...
SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2021, "Current Employment Statistics Survey," August 6. Between 2021 and 2030, it is estimated that 4 million manufacturing jobs will need to be filled -- 2.5 million due to retirements and 1.5 million due to expected growth.6 Seventy-seven percent of surveyed manufacturers anticipate ongoing dif ficulties in attracting and retaining workers in 2021 and beyond.7 They are currently encountering challenges in filling both entry level positions and middle-skill roles.
|
From page 119... ...
Where there have been suc cessful training and apprenticeship programs, such as the advanced manufacturing vocational program operating out of Austin Polytechnical Academy on Chicago's West Side,8 there have been plenty of opportunities for their diverse graduate pool, but more vocational programs are needed. In addition, programs targeting skilled groups, such as the Manufacturing Institute's Heroes Make America which links former military men and women to manufacturers, are also helping to fill the skills gap and broaden the diversity pool.
|
From page 120... ...
engineering technol ogists.9 Despite women representing nearly half of the overall workforce in the US, within the engineering workforce, only 14 percent of engineers and 17 percent of engineering technologists are women. Underrepresented racial and ethnic groups (African American, Hispanic, Native American/Native Alaskan and Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander)
|
From page 121... ...
SOURCE: American Society for Engineering Education, 2020, Profiles of Engineering and Engineering Technology, data compiled from annual survey of engineering colleges. Used with permission.
|
From page 122... ...
and international Mas ter's engineering degrees (see Figure 5.5) .16 In an effort to better understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected international student enrollment for 2020-2021, the Institute of International Edu cation, conducted a survey and found that international student enrollment for fall 2020 was down 16 percent, largely due to new enrollments decreasing by 43 percent.17 Experts are optimistic that international students will return to the United States when the pandemic draws to a close; however, the key question remains when.
|
From page 123... ...
SOURCE: American Society for Engineering Education, 2020, Profiles of Engineering and Engineering Technology, data compiled from annual survey of engineering colleges. Used with permission.
|
From page 124... ...
SOURCE: American Society for Engineering Education, 2020, Profiles of Engineering and Engineering Technology, data compiled from annual survey of engineering colleges. Used with permission.
|
From page 125... ...
SOURCE: American Society for Engineering Education, 2020, Profiles of Engineering and Engineering Technology, data compiled from annual survey of engineering colleges. Used with permission.
|
From page 126... ...
The digital divide limits access to this training particularly for minority and rural learners, and without it, employment and economic inequalities continued to grow. Since manufacturing is increasingly dependent on entry-level workers with digital skills, it is imperative that equitable access to digital infrastructure is addressed, and in doing, steps are taken to avoid a future advanced manufacturing DEI challenge.
|
From page 127... ...
REMOTE, VIRTUAL, AND AUTOMATED While telecommuting was previously possible, remote work during the pan demic was enabled by rapid deployment of new digital solutions, such as video conferencing, document-sharing tools and expansion of cloud-based computing capacity. The pandemic demonstrated that more work could be done remotely than previously thought, including key manufacturing activities such as scheduling, supply chain management, product and process engineering, quality control, and systems diagnostics and repairs.
|
From page 128... ...
how existing and new skills can be organized into new and newly redefined roles. 33 McKinsey Global Institute, 2021, "The Future of Work After COVID-19." 34 R
|
From page 129... ...
In a 2020 survey, 75 percent of industrial organizations identified reskilling their manufacturing workforce to absorb the new automation technologies as important for their success over 2021; however, only 10 percent said they were ready to address this trend.37 In response, progressive companies are shifting their employee training and development programs to 24/7 hybrid models, taking advan tage of available virtual on-line coursework and VR training systems, thus allow ing their organizations to focus in-person resources on critical hands-on training to accelerate the demonstration of mastery of required skills for certification and employment. In other cases, companies are creating their own rotation programs to help reskill their workers to fill the knowledge gap.
|
From page 130... ...
41 Ibid. 42 Joel Simon and Stephen Lynch, "Regional Workforce Development Initiative LIFT- Southeast Michigan: Profile of the Skills and Roles of Industry 4.0, Organizational Transformation Strategies and Career Pathways into Smarter Manufacturing," Burning Glass Technologies, presentation submit ted to the committee on March 11, 2021.
|
From page 131... ...
By example, if we look at a U.S. map of projected 2019-2029 manufacturing job openings in middle skill roles versus available manufacturing apprenticeship programs in 2021, we find the apprenticeship programs are concentrated in the Midwest and Northeast; however, the greatest needs are projected for Texas and California where the number of currently available apprenticeship programs are 43 Joel Simon and Stephen Lynch, "Regional Workforce Development Initiative AFFOA- North Carolina: A Profile of the Skills and Roles of Advanced Fabrics Manufacturing, Career Pathways into Smarter Manufacturing," Burning Glass Technologies, presentation submitted to the committee on April 8, 2021.
|
From page 132... ...
Given the rate of change, supporting education systems need to move beyond degree programs that require years to complete, to micro-credentials and certificates tailored to industry needs. Education funding models may also need to shift to support lifelong learning sys tems that enable continuous learning and upskilling throughout one's life versus large, one-time subsidies and loans.
|
From page 133... ...
Near-term the DoD may want to explore establishing a "SkillsFuture" type of program for its military staff and veterans to support lifelong learning and facilitate effective job transitions to the civilian sector in advanced manufacturing. For instance, one element could be the Operation Next program for military personnel leaving the services which was first developed by the LIFT MII,51,52 as well as utilization of the new Open edX learning platform, manufacturingworkforce.org.53 SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCY POST-COVID-19 During the pandemic, our import dependence exploded.
|
From page 134... ...
60 See The White House, 2021, Building Resilient Supply Chains, Revitalizing American Manufacturing, and Fostering Broad-Based Growth, June, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/ uploads/2021/06/100-day-supply-chain-review-report.pdf, and The White House, 2021, "Biden Harris Administration Announces Supply Chain Disruptions Task Force to Address Short-Term Supply Chain Discontinuities," June 8, https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements releases/2021/06/08/fact-sheet-biden-harris-administration-announces-supply-chain-disruptions task-force-to-address-short-term-supply-chain-discontinuities/.
|
From page 135... ...
critical supply chain resiliency issues and includes $52 billion in federal investments for domestic semiconductor research, design and manu facturing provisions, as well as $26 billion over 5 years to support breakthrough scientific discovery and technology innovation in 10 key areas, including AI, quan tum, high-performance computing and semiconductors, robotics/ automation/ ad vanced manufacturing, biotechnology, cybersecurity, advanced materials, advanced energy technology and advanced communication technology. It addresses multiple manufacturing concerns providing provisions for the Department of Commerce to double its support for the Manufacturing Extension Partnership (MEP)
|
From page 136... ...
Particularly interesting was the role lab capability played in the critical demonstration, testing and product validation stages of product implementation and in meeting real-world PPE product needs. The experience of M-ERT sheds light on the unexpected benefits of investing in and sustaining state-level manufacturing ecosystems in the face of unanticipated crises and the value of building and maintaining manufacturing capabilities in a region.
|
From page 137... ...
For years, the private sector and public policy approach to domestic production has prioritized 64 The White House, 2021, Building Resilient Supply Chains.
|
From page 138... ...
This will require identifying critical supply chains and developing resilient supply chain strategies to support.
|
From page 139... ...
Without reliable access, remote education and employment opportunities are not viable. It is imperative that equitable access to digital infrastructure is addressed, and in doing, steps are taken to avoid a future advanced manufacturing DEI challenge.
|
From page 140... ...
The Regional Workforce Development Initiative project for Smarter Manufacturing highlighted the opportunity to develop a labor market analytics tool that would allow the MIIs to regularly review, understand and respond to rapidly evolving demand for advanced manufacturing technical skills. Finding 5.13: The U.S.
|
From page 141... ...
strengthen the regional innovation capacity of SMMs and local supply chains, and (4) accelerate supporting regional workforce training involving upgrading technol ogy and Industry 4.0 requirements.
|
From page 142... ...
Ideally, it should also incorporate advanced analytics capabilities enabling identification of future workforce trends thus supporting government supply demand labor market forecasting and policy development. Recommendation 5.5: OSD ManTech should identify stakeholders and poten tial partners for establishing a "SkillsFuture" type of program for its military staff and veterans to facilitate effective job transitions to the civilian sector in advanced manufacturing and support their lifelong learning needs.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.