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From page 47... ... 2012. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2010. Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... At the same time, biomarkers of pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress, systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, asthma, coagulation, and autonomic tone, which affects heart rate and blood pressure, all improved. Unfortunately, when pollution levels increased once the Olympics ended, the biomarkers returned to where they Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... On days when there were increases in hospital admissions related to heart failure associated with increased ambient particulate matter, there was a corresponding increase in the pressure in the right ventricle of the heart. In essence, this work identified a biomarker for heart failure (Rich et al., 2008; Wellenius et al., 2006) Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... A more recent study found that household air cleaners can decrease the oxidative potential of indoor PM2.5 when the data were normalized by volume, but not by mass (Brehmer et al., 2020) Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Conversely, improvements in air quality can improve optimal lung growth and attenuate the decline associated with normal aging. Lung function is known to affect the risk of developing lung disease, and low lung function during early life is a risk factor for developing asthma during childhood and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... . Indoor air pollution and asthma in children. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... "So even though the baseline level was within a reasonable range, that modernization of school facilities led to even better air quality," said McCormack. Indoor Air Pollution and COPD Poor indoor air quality is a recognized contributor to COPD, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where indoor cooking using biomass fuels produces elevated levels of indoor PM2.5. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... More recently, McCormack and her collaborators were able to measure tidal volume2 in children with asthma and found an association between increasing body mass and increasing tidal volume. Modeling results showed that body mass was associated with increased particulate matter deposition rate. Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... WILDFIRE SMOKE AND OTHER AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION COME INDOORS: HEALTH EFFECTS AND THE BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS THAT MITIGATE THEM Wildfire events can expose large populations to smoke, over regions that extend far beyond the fire, said Stephanie Holm. "Even if you are not located close to a wildfire smoke event, you can still be affected by smoke from that event," said Holm. Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... rating of 13 or higher for central heating and air conditioning systems. For portable air cleaning systems, the unit needs a high enough clean air delivery rate to account for the size of the home and should not produce ions or ozone. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... . Holm noted, however, that total PM2.5 infiltration may be higher during wildfire smoke events as a result of filters getting saturated and because there may be more ultrafine particulate matter that filtration captures less efficiently (Mendoza et al., 2021) Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... Comoderator Linda McCauley, impressed with the data on intrusion of outdoor particulate matter into the indoor environment, said that she would like to see public health messages reflecting such data. She noted that the vast majority of public health messages today concern when it is safe for outdoor play and recreation. Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... Responding to a question about ultrafine particulate matter, McCormack noted that new technologies are now making it possible to study levels and health effects of ultrafine particulate matter and enhancing the ability of air cleaners to reduce exposure to it. Jeff Siegel noted that studies on interventions have not focused on how variations in their performance -- for example, in how an air cleaner performs under different conditions or over time -- affect the data being generated. Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... Dusan Licina (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Lausanne) spoke about low-cost indoor particulate matter sensors and how they can be used and misused. Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... Temporal complexity arises from the fact that indoor concentrations can change FIGURE 6-1 One person's PM2.5 exposure in Singapore on June 25, 2013, during a wildfire smoke event. CREATE = Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise; UTown/NUS = University Town/National University of Singapore. Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... Size and spatial complexity exist, too, in the distribution of different size particles in the three major regions of the respiratory tract (Figure 6-2) Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... clearly showed the variations in indoor particulate matter concentrations throughout the day as different activities occur inside the home. He explained that what this highlights about temporal variability is that relying on time-averaged indoor concentration measurements without accounting for the correlation with occupancy can mischaracterize indoor exposure. Read the entire page →

From page 47...

... 2012. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2010.