Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap (2022) / Chapter Skim
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E-1 Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking Draft Research Needs Statements for NCHRP Project 20-122 Panel Review and Ranking • RNS1: Bridge and Culvert Vulnerability Assessment Software Suite • RNS2: Effectiveness of Zero-Tolerance Drug & Alcohol Policies for Rural Transportation Agencies • RNS3: Force Multiplier Toolkit for Rural Traffic Safety Enforcement • RNS4: Trade-off Analysis: A Multi-Modal Guide for Rural Transportation Investment Analysis • RNS5: Modern Approaches to Ride Hailing Services for Rural Communities • RNS6: Cumulative Effects of Investment in Rural Transportation • RNS7: Simplified Centerline Marking for Two-lane Paved Rural Highways • RNS8: Winter Maintenance of Unpaved Roads: Existing Practices • RNS9: Traffic Impacts of Energy Development on Rural Roadways • RNS10: Structural & Seismic Risks to Rural Roads and Bridges in Petroleum and Natural Gas Extraction Areas • RNS11: Rural Transit Funding Policy Review • RNS12: Innovative Revenue Sources for Rural Transit Systems • RNS13: Autonomous Vehicles and the Non-Driving Functions of Rural Public Transit Operators • RNS14: Making the Rural to Urban Transit Transition • RNS15: Human Trafficking Intervention Guide for Rural and Tribal Transportation Agencies • RNS16: Trends and Characteristics of Distracted Driving Crashes on Rural "Non-Occupants" • RNS17: Bouncing Back from Natural Disasters in Tourism-Dependent Rural Communities • RNS18: Overcoming Smartphone-Related Barriers to Ride Hailing and Public Transportation for Elderly • RNS19: Effects in Rural Areas of Generational Changes in Obtaining Driver's Licenses • RNS20: Exploring the Value of Passenger Rail Service in Rural Network Access • RNS21: Accessing America's Great Outdoors: Understanding Recreational Travel Patterns, Demand, and Future Investment Needs for Federal and State Transportation Systems • RNS22: MIRE Data Requirements Supporting Safety Improvements on Unpaved Roads • RNS23: Development and Implementation of a National Intercity Bus Atlas • RNS24: Innovative Business Models for Rural Intercity Passenger Transportation • RNS25: Development and Implementation of Multi-Modal Trip Planning and Booking, Merging Fixed-Route to Demand-Response Services A P P E N D I X E
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E-2 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap RNS1: Bridge and Culvert Vulnerability Assessment Software Suite In recent years, flood frequencies and stormwater volumes have increased in most parts of the United States (Mallakpour and Villarini 2015, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2016)
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-3 • Modeling the upstream and downstream effects of stormwater management scenarios such as bridge and culvert enlargements and the addition of retention basins and overflow structures. • Interfacing with soils data to identify areas potentially subject to undermining by floodwater.
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E-4 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap Rural highway and public transit agencies utilize substantial numbers of personnel in safetycritical occupations, including employees, contractors, and (in some cases) volunteers.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-5 RNS3: Force Multiplier Toolkit for Rural Traffic Safety Enforcement Due to budget constraints, many rural counties, municipalities, and Tribal governments only have a small number of law enforcement officers to cover substantial roadway mileages. For example, Lake County, California, has five deputies to patrol an area the size of Rhode Island, while Amador County usually deploys three or four deputies over 612 square miles (Chabria et al.
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E-6 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap of force multiplier techniques can assist agencies in reducing common traffic violations. This is likely to improve roadway safety and allow agencies to focus the available staff on enforcing serious violations.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-7 Most of the existing transportation investment analysis guidance is oriented toward Case I, and nearly all is mode-specific (i.e., analytical methods intended for airport projects are often completely inapplicable to rail projects)
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E-8 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap RNS5: Modern Approaches to Ride Hailing Services for Rural Communities Research Problem Statement Ride hailing services have continued to increase over the last several years, especially with the advent of private services such as Uber and Lyft. While these services are not as widespread in rural areas as in their urban counterparts, they have been expanding into some rural markets, and independent ride hailing companies have been formed in a few areas as well (Rural Health Information Hub 2018)
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-9 Urgency, Payoff Potential, and Implementation The proposed study will assist rural public transit agencies in determining the feasibility for supporting ride hailing services in their community, determining whether to develop partnerships with existing services, modify their service offerings to operate more like a ride hailing provider, or perhaps form local ride hailing companies. Persons Developing the Problem The NCHRP Project 20-122 Team RNS6: Cumulative Effects of Investment in Rural Transportation Research Problem Statement Over the past few decades, many rural transportation agencies (especially at the county and municipal levels)
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E-10 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that motor vehicle crashes cost the U.S.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-11 crashes by 24% compared with unmarked roads (Elvik et al.
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E-12 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap winter maintenance for paved roads, but very little research has been conducted on the most effective winter maintenance techniques for unpaved roads. Winter maintenance is affected by numerous variables such as temperature, storm intensity, and wind speed, but the few existing winter maintenance guides for gravel roads mostly describe basic techniques.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-13 are estimated to generate 890 to 1,340 truck visits to each well (Broderick et al.
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E-14 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap there is potentially a need for retrofitting numerous existing transportation structures to accommodate seismic loads. In some parts of the United States, state, county, and local transportation agencies have developed financial bonding requirements or other stipulations aimed at recovering the near-term costs of pavement and bridge damage caused by energy well construction traffic.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-15 RNS11: Rural Transit Funding Policy Review Research Problem Statement Existing federal regulations impose considerable administrative complexity for the use of rural transit and paratransit funding. For example, there are separate programs for capital equipment, transportation of the elderly and people with disabilities, and transportation of the general rural population (U.S.
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E-16 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap revenue sources include providing fleet maintenance services for other government agencies and carrying small parcels. To assist agencies that want to consider options for implementing or expanding a rural transit system, there is a need to document these best practices, create a "menu" of funding options, and to identify innovative funding mechanisms to assist other rural transit systems in becoming financially sustainable.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-17 Research Objective The objective of this research is to examine the non-driving functions of rural transit operators. To achieve this objective, the proposed project will: • Examine the amount of time rural transit operators spend on non-driving functions • Assess the importance of these functions for the overall effectiveness of rural transit operations • Assess the extent to which non-driving functions can be automated or handled remotely (drawing on relevant experience from existing automated transit systems)
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E-18 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap Persons Developing the Problem The NCHRP Project 20-122 Team RNS15: Human Trafficking Intervention Guide for Rural and Tribal Transportation Agencies Research Problem Statement Human trafficking is "a crime involving the exploitation of someone for the purposes of compelled labor or a commercial sex act through the use of force, fraud or coercion. Any minor (under the age of 18)
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-19 Urgency, Payoff Potential, and Implementation The results of this research are expected to assist rural and Tribal transportation agencies in understanding the extent of the rural trafficking problem and characteristics of successful and unsuccessful rural anti-trafficking strategies. Persons Developing the Problem The NCHRP Project 20-122 Team RNS16: Trends and Characteristics of Distracted Driving Crashes on Rural "Non-Occupants" Research Problem Statement Distracted driving occurs when drivers divert their attention from the driving task to another activity (using a cell phone, texting, listening to the radio, eating, talking to passengers, daydreaming, etc.)
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E-20 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap Urgency, Payoff Potential, and Implementation This project will provide additional data to transportation agencies, law enforcement, and non-occupant organizations. The recommendations can assist in policy and countermeasure changes/implementation to decrease the potential for this particular crash type.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-21 • Document best practices and case studies on transportation resiliency planning, contingencies, and resources/actions for quicker recovery in the event of a natural disasters. Urgency, Payoff Potential, and Implementation The analysis is expected to assist rural tourism-dependent communities in assessing their current readiness for a natural disaster that affects their transportation system and quantifying the impacts an event would have.
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E-22 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap • Identify best practices and case studies for overcoming these barriers. • Compile examples of relevant public awareness and education materials.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-23 Persons Developing the Problem The NCHRP Project 20-122 Team RNS20: Exploring the Value of Passenger Rail Service in Rural Network Access Research Problem Statement Passenger rail service supports rural communities by providing intercity connections and connectivity with other transportation services. In many cases, passenger rail may be the only (non-personal vehicle)
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E-24 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap RNS21: Accessing America's Great Outdoors: Understanding Recreational Travel Patterns, Demand, and Future Investment Needs for Federal and State Transportation Systems Research Problem Statement Each year, there are an estimated 870 million visits to federal lands (Leggit et al.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-25 • Identify and begin to explore which factors (economic, demographic, geographical, etc.) drive recreational travel volumes and patterns (both within and between public lands)
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E-26 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap The Model Inventory of Roadway Elements (MIRE) establishes a basic data set that can be used in GIS-based analysis of roadway characteristics and safety.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-27 RNS23: Development and Implementation of a National Intercity Bus Atlas Research Problem Statement The purpose of this research project is to develop a national atlas of intercity bus services that utilizes General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data, is publicly available, can be maintained to a high level of currency, and is complementary to the National Transit Map.
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E-28 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap Research Objective This project is intended to support the development and implementation of the National Intercity Bus Atlas (NIBA) as an ongoing, comprehensive, and publicly available inventory of intercity bus services.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-29 Urgency, Payoff Potential, and Implementation Potential users of this tool include state departments of transportation; state, regional, and local planning agencies; policy researchers; the academic community; trade associations; and the industry itself. Persons Developing the Problem Fred Fravel RNS24: Innovative Business Models for Rural Intercity Passenger Transportation Research Problem Statement Air, passenger rail, intercity bus, and maritime services provide transportation alternatives for rural residents who do not want to drive long distances (or are unable to do so for medical, religious, or other reasons)
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E-30 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap Passenger co-ops might utilize low-cost equipment to start up and grow service networks, while leveraging modern information technology to provide customer information and ticketing. Local businesses might support these efforts by sharing service information with their customers and employees, and services could be integrated with existing local transit services for "first mile/last mile" connections.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-31 RNS25: Development and Implementation of Multi-Modal Trip Planning and Booking, Merging Fixed-Route to Demand-Response Services Research Problem Statement Technology has changed how people arrange travel, from Expedia or Orbitz to Uber or Lyft. Technology can identify where service is available and enable travelers to reserve a seat or purchase a ticket.
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E-32 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap The research objectives will be accomplished through a combination of working with a statelevel advisory committee and a technical team doing software development. • Work with one or more states to advance development of GTFS-Flex, OpenTripPlanner, 1-Click, and booking integration.
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Twenty-Five Research Needs Statements for Project Panel Ranking E-33 Broderick, J., K Anderson, R
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E-34 Rural Transportation Issues: Research Roadmap Russell, K
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