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Appendix A: Identified Actions
Pages 47-56

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From page 47...
... The opinions and prioritized actions were developed by the event participants and do not represent the views of the planning committee or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine.
From page 48...
... -- for example, targeted focus on Gulf-wide compound flooding and associated impacts • Reauthorize and update the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA 90) ; update governance of the Oil Spill Liability Trust Fund (OSLTF)
From page 49...
... ) • Reinstate the Safe Award Program Act for contractors and operatorsd • Encourage multinational collaboration to engage in simulation and modeling regarding the effects to any given jurisdiction and to better understand the marine environment • Improve public understanding of response technologies and responder expertise • Require examination (possibly by regulatory action)
From page 50...
... , particularly from disadvantaged populations; meet communities where they are, in a format that encourages their participation • Facilitate public–private partnerships to provide industry and mar ginalized communities an opportunity to develop contingency and resilience plans • Develop resilience plans for more extreme weather in the Gulf, with a specific focus on sustainability considering a range of hazards and threats • Require plans for monitoring a deep-surface release, including drop let size, flow rate, and so forth • Conduct comparative analysis on oil micronized by chemically enhanced versus mechanical means, as well as the physical and biological impacts • Estimate the probability and impact of a silent and hard-to-detect (for some period of time) spill and advanced detection technologies • Develop a mechanism to ensure that personnel and equipment are available in the future (readiness posture is diminishing)
From page 51...
... for drilling personnel to achieve a higher level of competence among operators • Promote and incentivize a stronger safety culture • Improve oil spill plume modeling, especially far-field effects • Implement the use of kinetic shear rams and other new technologies to help reduce the risk of non-shearable equipment passing through the blowout preventer • Simplify the process for applying dispersant • Improve the ability to drill relief wells quickly or permanently plug and abandon the well • Develop a hydromechanical dispersion technology Community Engagement • Create funding opportunities to encourage translation of sci ence and empowerment of community-based organizations, with the community as the lead • Encourage networking and collaboration across all oil spill management stakeholders, as well as regional networking and collaboration • Introduce education about oil spills into school curricula; teach oil spill science, including social science • Hold a major annual information-sharing event with community representatives • Engage all educational and training development programs, both traditional and nontraditional, in disaster preparedness, response, and management; the CLIMB Community Develop ment Corporation in Gulfport, Mississippi, is a great model that could be duplicated continued
From page 52...
... Department of Commerce through the Minority Business Development Agency with targeted funding for building local business capacity • Improve information sharing about area committees and other oil spill prevention and response activities at the grassroots level • Provide some type of training to the media; because the media is vital, their understanding of oil spill response and management will help them better inform their audiences • Work more closely with the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council to incorporate the elements of environmental justice in the spill response process • Train and certify communities that will be directly and immediately affected to be paid responders; this would enable them to possibly recoup or sustain some of their potential lost income • Encourage greater public awareness of mental health impacts of oil spills (this could be through public service campaigns) • Promote in-school/in-class activities to help children and youth develop healthy coping mechanisms for dealing with stress resulting from oil spills (e.g., in-class chair yoga, mindfulness moments)
From page 53...
... and how the different resources interact in the ecosys tem; ensure adequate funding for such research • Revise regulations to allow experimental spills for research and development of new tools, dispersants, equipment, and techniques • Review the structure of OPA 90 and revise/update aspects asso ciated with funds to respond to an oil spill -- for example, access to the emergency fund component of OSLTF, limits of liability, cap for resource damages, and so forth (extremely high level of effort) continued
From page 54...
... • Ensure that all communities, including disadvantaged commu nities, are engaged in all steps of the process as stakeholders • Develop infrastructure to facilitate ease of communication between stakeholders -- for example, engagement before an accident happens; enhance and improve existing forums that encourage communication and coordination • Exercise the transitions from response to damage assessment and impact, restoration, and recovery, which are not often addressed in response-focused exercises • Develop and maintain a roster of experts on oil field equipment, spill response, natural resources, and so forth who are available to deploy when called upon to aid and respond to a crisis • Reexamine processes and regulations to address oil spills in open water in the National Contingency Plan: planning and preparedness regulations, subpart D, subpart E • Review improvements to offshore safety and environmental protection available from the American Petroleum Institute, government regulators, and so forth to inform future work • Develop effective approaches to sharing data, including with the public • Exercise the plans (e.g., area contingency plan, regional plans) more and include stakeholders that are outside the usual response structure • Further examine applicability of implementing performance-based regulations
From page 55...
... Committee on Natural Resources. Final Report of the Presi dent's National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling: Oversight Hearing Before the Committee on Natural Resources, U.S.


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