International Workshop on COVID-19 Lessons to Inform Pandemic Influenza Response Proceedings of a Workshop (2022) / Chapter Skim
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2 Global Coordination, Partnerships, and Financing
2 Global Coordination, Partnerships, and Financing
Pages 5-18
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From page 5... ...
GLOBAL END-TO-END GOVERNANCE AND FINANCING Bridging local and global governance, Michael Ryan, executive director of the Health Emergencies Program at the World Health Organization (WHO) , emphasized the importance of a unified global health security system that is first supported by strong local preparedness and response.
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From page 6... ...
Thus, Sall continued, investments in bottom-up preparedness are necessary to build a strong local response, eventually contributing to a national and global response. He added that further research is needed into communication and community engagement strategies because they are key when bridging national and international measures to local actions and behavior change.1 As part of a strong local preparedness plan, Celia Mercedes Alpuche Aranda, director of the Research Center for Infectious Diseases at the National Institute of Public Health in Mexico, added that increasing local and regional manufacturing capacity will lead to a more equitable vaccine access and distribution plan.
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From page 7... ...
Second, Sall noted that strengthened local manufacturing and distributive capacities of medical countermeasures could improve surveillance and diagnostic capabilities, which are important in the beginning of a potential pandemic. Third, he stated that local manufacturing capacity could improve equity because profits from vaccine manufacturing will not be highly centralized but can be distributed among multiple stakeholders.
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From page 8... ...
Rodrigo Salvado, deputy director of development policy and finance at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, agreed that wealthy countries should be incentivized to take more risk in financing vaccine manufacture because LMICs cannot afford to do so. Kremer discussed several successful implementations of AMCs.
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Finally, Kremer concluded that AMCs could be implemented during future influenza pandemics. He emphasized that even a moderate risk for such a pandemic financially justifies significant government investments in vaccine AMCs.
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Kremer also referenced Ryan's comment on how difficult it is to have sustained investments, noting that partial vaccine dosages would be able to mitigate shortages using minimal resources. GLOBAL QUALITY STANDARDS FOR SURVEILLANCE AND RISK ASSESSMENT Malik Peiris, chair of virology at The University of Hong Kong, asked what upcoming issues or viruses are of the highest priority in terms of spillover to humans.
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From page 11... ...
For example, Peter Daszak, president of EcoHealth Alliance, has been working on identifying likely hot spots for outbreaks based on highest risk for spillovers. This pre-event surveillance allows public health officials to create interventions that reduce risk and effect of spillovers even before epidemics or pandemics.
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From page 12... ...
To mitigate the risk posed by live wild markets, Peiris added, Hong Kong successfully implemented several generic interventions. Using rest days for live poultry markets and ensuring that they are closed and cleaned in the evening helped break avian influenza amplification, and separating the market chains of wild and domestic ducks reduced the risk of producing viruses like H5N1 or H7N9.
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From page 13... ...
Participants gave several examples of successful One Health interventions. One such example, which Wood also praised, is Hong Kong's riskbased approaches to mitigate avian influenza spread.
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From page 14... ...
For instance, when distributing vaccines, LMICs argued that they have struggling health sectors and wealthy countries argued that they have an older population that is more susceptible to COVID-19. Although COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX)
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From page 15... ...
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION APPROACHES: ADDRESSING POVERTY AND PROTECTION OF BIODIVERSITY AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLE In addition to direct medical and public health interventions, zoonotic spillovers can also be prevented through more upstream approaches to reduce the risk of eventual disaster, such as reducing poverty and protecting biodiversity and Indigenous people. Wood described one of the greatest risk factors for populations suffering from zoonotic diseases as poverty and livelihood restrictions that force people and animals to live closer together.
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From page 16... ...
Subbarao and Joshua Sharfstein, vice dean for public health practice and community engagement at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, agreed that detailed epidemiological information should also be made readily available and that new virus isolates and treatment formulas, such as monoclonal antibodies, also need to be shared, especially with LMICs. Aranda also pointed out the lack of data sharing during COVID-19 in regard to the sustainability of pandemic response.
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From page 17... ...
The minimal way to achieve this transparency, Sharfstein noted, is an independent review of the research. He gave the Johns Hopkins map2 as an example of a successful and uniform epidemiological information sharing platform by a third party, and he emphasized the need for detailed epidemiological data sharing building on this, which would also include individuals' treatments, the nature of their clinical course, and whether they have been vaccinated.
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From page 18... ...
Waiving intellectual property rights in pandemics, she explained, would allow for greater technology transfer and data sharing and alleviate vaccine nationalism and vaccine distribution inequities. Burci noted that certain cases create an urgency to have the discussion on waiving intellectual property rights to ensure awareness of agreement parameters on all sides.
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