Human-AI Teaming State-of-the-Art and Research Needs (2022) / Chapter Skim
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2 Human-AI Teaming Methods and Models
2 Human-AI Teaming Methods and Models
Pages 11-18
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From page 11... ...
Additional team characteristics include decision making within a task context, specialized task-related knowledge and skills, and performance within the task-context constraints of time pressure, workload, and other conditions. The concept of mental models is an important element of task-related knowledge.
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From page 12... ...
. Relevant team characteristics include dimensions of team membership and team configurations (e.g., human human, human-non-human, human-AI, or combinations thereof)
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From page 13... ...
signal shared intent toward collective goals, (2) promote team cognition in support of the development and maintenance of shared mental models, and (3)
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From page 14... ...
First, it is possible for a human-AI unit to meet the definition of a team, with interdependent capabilities, contributions, and roles in the performance of a complex task beyond the capacity of a single agent. Second, by considering humans and AI as teammates, the value of team interactions in producing performance superior to that of independent individuals can be brought to bear, including an improved ability to adapt to changing demands and to provide each other with mutual support and back-up.
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From page 15... ...
, further elaborate the need to allocate functions of cognitive processing, information flow, and task coordination beyond the scope or capability of individuals. As an example, the coordinated humanitarian aid and disaster response after the Surfside condominium collapse in Florida in 2021 included the interdependent roles of humans, from military and local law enforcement agencies, with trained search-and-rescue dogs and uninhabited flight vehicles requiring manual post-flight processing (Murphy, 2021)
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From page 16... ...
. These studies, while not specifically focused on incorporating AI systems as functional team members, strongly emphasize that information distribution, patterns of interaction, and allocation of decision rights are crucial to coordinating the expertise of team members to achieve effective task execution.
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From page 17... ...
Research should specifically consider the dynamic process factors and timing constraints involved when human-AI team members address uncertainties in task progress or the evolution of performance over work sessions, shifts, task episodes, software updates, and longer time horizons (see Goodwin, Blacksmith, and Coats, 2018)
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From page 18... ...
Methods for promoting effective teaming between humans and AI systems need to be captured in both descriptive and computational models that can quantify the nature of human-AI team performance, its constituent components, and outcome metrics that capture team dynamics, uncertainty resolution, and the ability to meet performance expectations. 1 The ratio parameter should have a maximum acceptable level much less than 1.0.
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