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From page 16...
... 16 Literature Review is chapter presents the results of the literature review for temporary pavement markings in work zones and pavement marking removal. Sources compiled for the literature review include guides; research reports; journal articles; and DOT policies, manuals, specications, and standards.
From page 17...
... Literature Review 17   of pavement marking materials for work zones. An ATSSA guide on temporary pavement markings (ATSSA 2014)
From page 18...
... 18 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones DOT Guidance for Temporary Pavement Markings In general, DOTs follow the guidance of the national MUTCD (FHWA 2009) with respect to temporary pavement markings in work zones.
From page 19...
... Literature Review 19   • In Delaware, the use of temporary markings is limited to 30 days (Delaware DOT 2011)
From page 20...
... 20 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Materials and Construction Requirements. DOT specifications provide a variety of requirements for materials and construction of temporary pavement markings, such as geometric layouts, allowable marking types, material specifications, and application instructions.
From page 21...
... Literature Review 21   Time Considerations. DOT specications for temporary pavement markings in work zones include various time-related elements, such as classication based on duration, deadlines for installation or removal, and material requirements based on duration or time of year.
From page 22...
... 22 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones temporary markings in service from December 1 to March 31 in Indiana (Indiana DOT 2020)
From page 23...
... Literature Review 23   DOT Standards for Temporary Pavement Markings A tabular summary of DOT standards by DOT for temporary pavement markings in work zones is provided in Appendix F. Many, but not all, DOTs provide information on temporary pavement markings in their standard drawings.
From page 24...
... Source: Indiana DOT 2019 Figure 15. Example layout of temporary trafc control devices for temporary crossover entrance from Indiana Standard Drawing E-801-TCCO-02.
From page 25...
... Literature Review 25   Source: Kentucky Transportation Cabinet 2016 Figure 16. Example layout of temporary pavement markings for lane closure (Arrangement "A")
From page 26...
... 26 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Source: Minnesota DOT 2020a Source: Oklahoma DOT 2009b Source: Texas DOT 2019 Figure 18. Example two-way temporary pavement marking layouts: (a)
From page 27...
... Literature Review 27   Figure 19. Example temporary pavement marking layouts for TRPMs: (a)
From page 28...
... 28 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Agency Practices for Temporary Pavement Markings A few studies have looked into DOT practices for temporary pavement markings. For example, survey responses from 20 states in a 2011 study indicated that paint was the most frequently used material for temporary pavement markings (Figure 20)
From page 29...
... Literature Review 29   dierent products designed to address this challenge, including paint, tape, and permanent markings. For example, a two-phase project assessed the use of all-weather paint (AWP)
From page 30...
... 30 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones In 2017, Michigan was the rst DOT to implement a standard requiring the use of temporary wet reective tape and paint in work zones (Roads and Bridges magazine 2017)
From page 31...
... Literature Review 31   marking color was understood correctly during nighttime by 84% of test subjects for the Type 1 markings and 75% of test subjects for Type 2 markings (Finley 2007)
From page 32...
... 32 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones appropriate size (based on viewing distance) and luminance values and gradients.
From page 33...
... Literature Review 33   restricts the use of grinding to the removal of thermoplastic, cold plastic, or epoxy markings (Pennsylvania DOT 2019)
From page 34...
... 34 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones or were interested in trying water blasting. Agencies reported using shot blasting and sandblasting for shorter removal sections.
From page 35...
... Literature Review 35   removal was the most eective method as it did not leave any scars or residues (Figure 27)
From page 36...
... 36 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones e combination method resulted in eective removal at high speed for concrete pavement but created some scarring on asphalt pavement. Innovations for Pavement Marking Removal Other research studies have investigated the use of innovative methods for pavement marking removal.

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