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From page 37... ... 37 Survey Results A survey was developed and administered to gain greater understanding of the state of the practice for temporary pavement markings in work zones and pavement marking removal in the United States. e survey was reviewed by the topic panel before being sent to each DOT via Qualtrics Survey Soware (Qualtrics 2020) Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... 38 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Total number of respondents = 51; ordered by Always + Almost Always – high to low Figure 29. Survey results for frequency of use of temporary pavement markings on intermediate surfaces of asphalt pavement. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Survey Results 39 randomly assigned to each DOT are used in lieu of state names to preserve the condentiality of survey comments. • DOT 42 typically applies epoxy for winter months, paint for short-duration projects of less than one summer, and tabs for chip seals. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... 40 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones epoxy, thermoplastic, and preformed plastic are all used with a frequency of sometimes, always, or almost always by 20% or more of DOTs. On the other hand, 71% of DOTs do not use preformed plastic for temporary markings on concrete. Read the entire page →
From page 41... ... Survey Results 41 Maps showing the geographic distribution of answers by state for paint, temporary tape, and tabs for the nal surface of asphalt pavement and paint, temporary tape, and buttons for concrete pavement are shown in Figure 32 through Figure 37. Some general trends on the maps can be observed. Read the entire page →
From page 42... ... 42 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Map created with mapchart.net© No Response Never Rarely Sometimes Almost Always Always Figure 33. Map showing frequency of use of temporary tape on nal surfaces of asphalt pavement by DOTs. Read the entire page →
From page 43... ... Survey Results 43 Map created with mapchart.net© No Response Never Rarely Sometimes Almost Always Always Figure 35. Map showing frequency of use of paint on concrete pavement by DOTs. Read the entire page →
From page 44... ... 44 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Map created with mapchart.net© No Response Never Rarely Sometimes Almost Always Always Figure 37. Map showing frequency of use of buttons on concrete pavement by DOTs. Read the entire page →
From page 45... ... Survey Results 45 Selection of Temporary Pavement-Marking Material In Question 9, respondents were asked how frequently various factors were considered when selecting types of temporary pavement markings for a work zone on a given project. e results, shown in Table 8, are sorted by the sum of the percentage of responses for "always" and "almost always." e results show that the factors most commonly considered are duration for the marking to remain in place, past experience, and safety. Read the entire page →
From page 46... ... 46 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Q9: How often does your agency consider the following factors when selecting types of temporary pavement markings in a work zone for a given project? Factor Always Almost Always Sometimes Rarely Never No Response Duration for Marking to Remain in Place 33% 43% 24% 0% 0% 0% Past Experience 27% 49% 16% 4% 2% 2% Safety 35% 41% 14% 4% 2% 4% Durability 25% 47% 22% 4% 0% 2% Pavement Type 27% 39% 12% 10% 8% 4% Retroreflectivity 31% 33% 24% 6% 4% 2% Material Quality 22% 39% 25% 6% 4% 4% Temperature at Time of Placement 24% 37% 27% 4% 6% 2% Cost 25% 29% 29% 12% 0% 4% Ease of Removal 16% 31% 37% 10% 6% 0% Weather Effects 22% 18% 35% 18% 6% 2% Ease of Placement 10% 24% 49% 16% 0% 2% Traffic Counts 10% 24% 37% 18% 10% 2% Wet Retroreflectivity 10% 22% 24% 27% 16% 2% Connected and Autonomous Vehicles 0% 4% 14% 25% 55% 2% Other 0% 0% 0% 2% 20% 78% NOTE: Sort order = Always + Almost Always (high to low) Read the entire page →
From page 47... ... Survey Results 47 Q7. On a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = Poor, 10 = Outstanding, 0 = na) Read the entire page →
From page 48... ... 48 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones was the only type of temporary pavement marking to receive a score of at least 7. Tabs, temporary tape, and other all received average scores less than 6. Read the entire page →
From page 49... ... Survey Results 49 DOTs apply water blasting. e frequency of use of grinding and water blasting for concrete pavement is comparable for all frequency levels. Read the entire page →
From page 50... ... 50 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones • DOT 43, DOT 24, and DOT 46 sometimes apply blackout paint to cover existing markings. • DOT 23 requires that blackout tape must be removed or replied within 15 days of the initial installation. Read the entire page →
From page 51... ... Survey Results 51 Total number of respondents = 51; ordered by Always + Almost Always – high to low Figure 42. Survey results for frequency of use of pavement-marking removal methods on concrete pavement. Read the entire page →
From page 52... ... 52 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Map created with mapchart.net© No Response Never Rarely Sometimes Almost Always Always Figure 43. Map showing frequency of use of grinding on nal surfaces of asphalt pavement by DOTs. Read the entire page →
From page 53... ... Survey Results 53 Map created with mapchart.net© No Response Never Rarely Sometimes Almost Always Always Figure 45. Map showing frequency of use of black tape on nal surfaces of asphalt pavement by DOTs. Read the entire page →
From page 54... ... 54 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Map created with mapchart.net© No Response Never Rarely Sometimes Almost Always Always Figure 47. Map showing frequency of use of water blasting on concrete pavement by DOTs. Read the entire page →
From page 55... ... Survey Results 55 In addition to evaluating the application of pavement-marking removal methods by climate region, an analysis of the frequency of implementation of pavement-marking removal methods based on the use of paint, tabs, and temporary tape was performed. e results for grinding, water blasting, and black tape are shown in Figure 50 through Figure 52. Read the entire page →
From page 56... ... 56 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones 5 = Always, 4 = Almost Always, 3 = Sometimes, 2 = Rarely, 1 = Never Figure 50. Survey results for average frequency of use of grinding, water blasting, and black tape based on frequency of use of paint. Read the entire page →
From page 57... ... Survey Results 57 5 = Always, 4 = Almost Always, 3 = Sometimes, 2 = Rarely, 1 = Never Figure 52. Survey results for average frequency of use of grinding, water blasting, and black tape based on frequency of use of temporary tape. Read the entire page →
From page 58... ... 58 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Q8. On a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = Poor, 10 = Outstanding, 0 = na) Read the entire page →
From page 59... ... Survey Results 59 Q8. On a scale of 1 to 10 (1 = Poor, 10 = Outstanding, 0 = na) Read the entire page →
From page 60... ... 60 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones summarized in Appendix C. e results for Question 11 in Table 16 indicate that 39% of DOTs have a documented process or criteria for the selection of types of temporary pavement markings or methods to remove or cover existing pavement markings in work zones on a given project. Read the entire page →
From page 61... ... Survey Results 61 Q12: Has your agency used or developed any documented policies, procedures, specifications, standards, or guidelines for the following topics related to installation of temporary pavement markings and pavement marking removal in work zones? Topic Yes No No Response Temporary Traffic Control Requirements 71% 25% 4% Minimum Quality Requirements (e.g., color, retroreflectivity) Read the entire page →
From page 62... ... 62 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones been performed, they were not aware of any formal documents for these assessments. DOT 50 primarily uses water blasting for marking removal and nds that it performs well, although contractor availability for the water blasting sometimes leads to scheduling challenges. Read the entire page →
From page 63... ... Survey Results 63 • DOT 23 is interested in learning about innovative solutions for markings that last throughout the winter, avoiding ghost markings with autonomous vehicles becoming a consideration, and removal and installation of rumbles on rumble stripes. Summary of Key Survey Findings Key ndings from the survey are summarized in the following list. Read the entire page →
From page 64... ... 64 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones • The pavement-marking removal methods rated the highest by the DOTs are milling and water blasting (asphalt -- intermediate pavement) and water blasting and shot blasting (asphalt -- surface and concrete pavements) Read the entire page →

From page 37...

... 37 Survey Results A survey was developed and administered to gain greater understanding of the state of the practice for temporary pavement markings in work zones and pavement marking removal in the United States. e survey was reviewed by the topic panel before being sent to each DOT via Qualtrics Survey Soware (Qualtrics 2020)