Skip to main content

Currently Skimming:


Pages 65-91

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 65...
... 65   is chapter presents case examples of temporary pavement markings and pavement marking removal for seven DOTs (Figure 53) : Colorado, Florida, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, North Carolina, and Oregon.
From page 66...
... 66 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones or high build, are used for temporary markings in work zones. Tabs are sometimes applied on chip seals, but Colorado nds that they do not stay on very well.
From page 67...
... Case Examples 67   State Basis for Selection as Case Example Typical Temporary Markings Typical Removal/Cover Methods Colorado • Western climate • 91% asphalt pavement • Developing process guide for pavement markings • Expressed interest in topic through survey Modified epoxy Water blasting, grinding Florida • Southeastern climate • 97% asphalt pavement • Representation on topic panel Paint Water blasting, grinding Illinois • Midwestern climate • 30% concrete pavement • 20% chip seal, cape seal, and microseal • Use of abbreviated marking patterns • Representation on topic panel Paint, temporary tape, durable markings Water blasting, grinding Michigan • Northern climate • Approximately 92% asphalt pavement (FHWA 2015) • Use of wet reflective markings • Use of lead and lag markings for lane shifts • Use of updated temporary tape Paint, temporary tape Water blasting, grinding, foilbacked tape (leveling or base course)
From page 68...
... 68 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones are assessed for compliance with standards. For retroreectivity, the modied epoxy markings must meet the same minimum requirements as permanent markings, and a pay factor is applied if the minimum threshold is not met (Table  23)
From page 69...
... Case Examples 69   enlarge the removal so that it is not recognizable to drivers as a standard marking. In general, Colorado nds that removal of pavement markings works well with proper inspector enforcement.
From page 70...
... 70 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones nds it dicult to remove aer exposure to trac. In Florida's experience, the use of paint on concrete pavement can lead to ghost markings, so multiple applications of temporary tape are sometimes placed on concrete pavement.
From page 71...
... Case Examples 71   e use of black paint or fog seal to cover existing pavement markings is not permitted (Florida DOT 2020a)
From page 72...
... 72 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones used for temporary applications with high volumes or long durations (Illinois DOT 2015)
From page 73...
... Case Examples 73   minimum requirements for the coecient of retroreected luminance (RL) using ASTM D4061 are shown in Table 27.
From page 74...
... 74 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones markings must be immediately removed. In addition, all temporary markings must be removed within 5 days of the placement of permanent markings.
From page 75...
... Case Examples 75   treatments, it is seeking alternative solutions because of the high cost ($4,000 to $7,000 per mi) of these markings.
From page 76...
... 76 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones the intention of reducing worker exposure to trac. e improved tape was tested on three projects in 2019, and it will be used on all Interstate projects in 2020.
From page 77...
... Case Examples 77   daily, and Michigan typically uses its pavement marking convoy typical application (Michigan DOT 2020d) for temporary markings.
From page 78...
... 78 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones is rarely used, although it is occasionally specied for lane shis. Missouri standards do not allow for the application of temporary tape on the nal surface unless specied in the plans (Missouri DOT 2019b)
From page 79...
... Case Examples 79   e use of temporary pavement markings on the nal pavement surface is limited to 14 days aer the application of the nal pavement surface treatment (Missouri DOT 2019a)
From page 80...
... 80 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones according to the manufacturer's recommendations or they are in place longer than 14 days. Missouri finds that tabs are also susceptible to damage from construction equipment, such as rollers and asphalt trucks, during paving operations.
From page 81...
... Case Examples 81   Missouri Project Example: I-44 in Saint Louis (Ghost Markings) Bridge work and pavement resurfacing have been performed in phases on the I-44 corridor in Saint Louis, Missouri, from 2015 to 2021.
From page 82...
... 82 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones included a 4-in. mill and ll, so the ghost markings were eradicated when the project was completed (Figure 66)
From page 83...
... Case Examples 83   believes that use of the specication has led to a signicant improvement in the quality of its temporary pavement markings on Interstates and freeways. Although North Carolina has its required statewide specications (North Carolina 2018a)
From page 84...
... 84 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones North Carolina Experience with Pavement Marking Removal North Carolina developed and implemented a specication for pattern masking, which is a black polymer surface coating applied to the entire width of the roadway in 6- passes (Figure 68)
From page 85...
... Case Examples 85   has been using the pattern masking, several revisions to the specification have been made to increase the thickness to reduce glare, modify the grip element to increase skid resistance and eliminate seams, and to reduce drying time, especially during cooler temperatures. To reduce contractor risk, North Carolina has offered to reimburse the contractor if there are any issues with the pattern masking material.
From page 86...
... 86 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones the old lines concealed, but no pavement rutting exists while creating the ultimate contrasting surface for the performance lines to be placed. Figure 72 shows a picture of I-40 in Wake County.
From page 87...
... Case Examples 87   In summary, North Carolina is learning and adjusting with each installation of the masking application. e contracting and striping industry is becoming more knowledgeable as well as acquiring equipment that can successfully and productively install the material.
From page 88...
... 88 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones solid lines. Various layouts for tabs are shown in Oregon's standard drawings (Figure 73)
From page 89...
... Case Examples 89   Oregon Experience with Pavement Marking Removal Oregon uses several methods for pavement marking removal on intermediate layers of asphalt, including grinding, sandblasting, shot blasting, water blasting, milling, and black tape. Black tape is sometimes used on nal surfaces on asphalt pavement and on concrete pavement.
From page 90...
... 90 Temporary Pavement Markings Placement and Removal Practices in Work Zones Summary of Case Examples e seven DOTs described in this chapter have diverse experiences with respect to temporary markings in work zones and pavement marking removal. Some of the key ndings from the DOT interviews can be summarized as follows: • While DOTs oen have their preferred types of temporary markings, the type of temporary marking used in a particular work zone depends on a variety of factors, including duration, weather conditions, frequency of snowplowing, time of year, ease of placement, pavement type, trac volumes, and equipment availability.
From page 91...
... Case Examples 91   advancing standards to encourage greater consistency between DOTs (especially with respect to provisions for CAVs) , and creating a guidance document regarding the conditions suitable for different types of temporary markings.

Key Terms



This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.