Approaches to Assessing Intake of Food and Dietary Supplements in Pregnant Women and Children 2 to 11 Years of Age Proceedings of a Workshop Series (2022) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
3 Methods for Dietary Assessment in Children 2 to 5 Years of Age
3 Methods for Dietary Assessment in Children 2 to 5 Years of Age
Pages 27-46
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 27... ...
Assessing children's nutrient, food, and food group intakes over time is an impor tant contribution to the long-term goal of reducing the trajec tory toward obesity and thereby enhancing cardiovascular and overall health throughout the life course. (Linda Van Horn)
|
From page 28... ...
Presentation topics included methods to collect dietary intake information during early childhood, choosing an appropriate dietary assessment method for research conducted during early childhood, lessons from the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study, and lessons from other disciplines with regard to analyzing data recorded from multiple informants. Lisa Harnack, professor in the School of Public Health at the University of Minnesota and member of the workshop series planning committee, prefaced the presentations with comments about the early childhood life stage.
|
From page 29... ...
Another consideration has to do with literacy; beyond general reading and writing abilities, Johnson explained that food literacy, health literacy, and technology literacy can influence reporting of young children's dietary intake. Accessibility of the reporting methodology for reporters with special needs is another consideration, she continued, as is the language of the reporter (e.g., a translator, if involved, may not fully convey to the assessment administrator everything the reporter says)
|
From page 30... ...
The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) chose food diaries instead of 24-hour dietary recalls, she recounted, because participating caregivers were interested in nutrition and highly motivated to capture their children's dietary intakes (DiGuiseppi et al., 2016)
|
From page 31... ...
She echoed Johnson's comments about feasibility considerations for assessing young children's dietary intakes in a research study context and added life course implications to the list. Because many studies enroll participants early in life and follow them for an extended time, she encouraged consideration of types of data that are especially valuable for longitudinal purposes and evaluating a trajectory over time.
|
From page 32... ...
. That review also examined literature on childhood risk factors and their associations with adult CVD, demonstrating, Van Horn added, that significant gaps remain in understanding how certain childhood health and behaviors, especially related to dietary quality over the life course, translate to risk of adult CVD.
|
From page 33... ...
. Turning to the topic of precision nutrition, Van Horn reiterated the value of collecting longitudinal data on dietary intake -- along with biomarkers -- starting at birth in order to advance the field.
|
From page 34... ...
International and adjunct professor of nutrition at the Gillings School of Global Public Health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, echoed previous comments about the critical value of accurately assessing dietary intake for understanding influences on eating patterns and assessing relationships between diet and health outcomes. Anater's presentation described approaches to assessing the intake of food and dietary supplements in the Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS)
|
From page 35... ...
FITS 2016 also included improvements to the 24-hour dietary recall in order to reflect changes in the food landscape between 2008 and 2016, improve the accuracy of dietary data reported, and evaluate specific questions of interest. Overestimation of amounts consumed is a common issue when parents serve as proxy reporters, Anater noted, adding that respondents were reminded throughout the recall to report only the food that the child consumed rather than all foods offered.
|
From page 36... ...
Market research informed the 2016 version of the visual aid booklet, she added, so that it reflected widely available and commonly purchased sizes of infant and toddler foods, beverages, and serving vessels. Describing the form for reporting foods fed by other adults, Anater explained that proxy reporters were instructed to complete it as they were able, based on information about the types, amounts, and eating occasions for foods and beverages provided by other caregivers.
|
From page 37... ...
at Amherst College, discussed the analysis of data recorded from multiple informants and its relevance for dietary assessment in young children. Beginning with an overview about analyzing multiple informant reports,2 Horton echoed prior speakers' comments that multiple reports are often collected in studies of children because the children themselves 2 Multiple informant reports come from various sources and may include a parent as a proxy for a child, peers, teachers, caregivers, or trained observers.
|
From page 38... ...
Data may be missing by design, as when investigators choose to not collect certain measures, or data may be missing by chance, such as when a reporter was too busy to take a photo of a meal in a study using food photography. Horton underscored the importance of careful analysis of data from multiple informants, joking that the inherent challenges of analyzing data from multiple informants provide job security for statisticians.
|
From page 39... ...
As an example, Horton suggested that this approach could be used to examine the relationship between dietary intake (reported by multiple informants) and obesity status.
|
From page 40... ...
The topics covered were estimating portion size using food photography, longitudinal assessment of dietary intake and health outcomes, addressing the challenges of analyzing data from multiple informants, exploring the consistency in the reporting biases of multiple informants, and integrating dietary supplements into assessment tools and analyzing the results.
|
From page 41... ...
Longitudinal Assessment of Dietary Intakes and Health Outcomes Dana Dabelea, professor of epidemiology and pediatrics and director of the Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes Center at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, asked the speakers which dietary assessment method they would use for children 2 to 5 years of age if the research budget were unlimited and the goal was to explore longitudinal dietary intake and health outcomes. As a follow-up, Dabelea asked if the method would change for research examining the long-term health effects of a specific nutrient, such as vitamin D
|
From page 42... ...
Exploring the Consistency in Reporting Biases of Multiple Informants Steve Daniels, professor and chair of the Department of Pediatrics at the University of Colorado School of Medicine, pediatrician-in-chief, and L Joseph Butterfield Chair in Pediatrics at Children's Hospital Colorado, hypothesized that the multiple reporters of young children's dietary intake might exhibit different tendencies to underreport information or to be influenced by social desirability bias in their reporting.
|
From page 43... ...
PANEL DISCUSSION Following the questions from the workshop series planning committee, audience members had an opportunity to submit questions for the speakers. The topics covered included study-specific improvements to food databases, FFQs for young children, strategies to improve the accuracy of the data provided by proxy reporters, telehealth technologies for conducting dietary assessments, methods for assessing young children's dietary supplement use, and the variability in young children's dietary intakes.
|
From page 44... ...
In the absence of such tools, she encouraged doing "the best you can with the data you have." Strategies to Improve the Accuracy of the Data Provided by Proxy Reporters In response to a question about whether caregivers actually use studyprovided visual aids and other portion size estimation tools during 24-hour dietary recalls, Anater explained that although the majority of FITS proxy reporters used the box of interview aids they received in the mail, the dietary interviewers were also trained to help reporters if the materials were not accessible during the dietary recall. For example, interviewers referenced common kitchen tools, such as a tablespoon-sized measuring spoon, to help caregivers estimate quantity.
|
From page 45... ...
Methods for Assessing Young Children's Dietary Supplement Use Siega-Riz asked speakers to suggest an ideal approach for capturing dietary supplement intake data from young children. Van Horn espoused the value of collecting these data and reported that doing so has enabled her team to assess study participants' dietary intakes both with and without contributions from supplements.
|
From page 46... ...
Van Horn indicated that "tremendous differences" exist between weekday and weekend dietary intakes, and Anater reminded attendees that young children are establishing taste preferences. Part of that process is frequent introduction to new foods, she added, and reasoned that this results in young children exhibiting more profound variability in dietary intake compared with adults.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.