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Appendix E: UV Filter Toxicity Data Tables
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From page 285... ... Appendix E UV Filter Toxicity Data Tables 285 Read the entire page →
From page 286... ... of 100 mg/L, measured below LOD 40 µg/L; concen trations less than 80% of initial concentration Chronic or Long Term Invertebrate Daphnia magna FW Reproduction; body 21-d NOEC ≥ 3 1 ECHA Tested at maximal solubility; DMF solvent used; length; daily im- flow-through system; no effect observed mobilization Daphnia magna FW Mortality 21-d NOEC 20 1 Boyd et al., Noted no survival at 150 µg/L at 7-d 2021 Chironomus riparius FW Mortality 28-d NOEC ≥ 50,000 µg/ 1 Kaiser et al., Nominal (sediment-water test) kg DW 2012a Chironomus riparius FW Reproduction (# 28-d NOEC ≥ 50,000 µg/ 1 Kaiser et al., Nominal (sediment-water test) Read the entire page →
From page 287... ... centrations; likely non-soluble fraction included Fish Danio rerio (embryo) FW Mortality 48-h NOEC 100,000 µg/ 1 Kaiser et al., Nominal (sediment-water test) Read the entire page →
From page 288... ... rate subcapitata Raphidocelis (=Pseu- FW Biomass 72-h EC50 907 1 ECHA Measured geometric mean dokirchneriella) subcapitata Invertebrate Balanus amphitrite SW Immobilization 24-h EC50 2,200 2 Tsui et al., 2019 DMSO 0.01% Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 4,270 1 ECHA 21.1% of filtrate at 100 mg/L Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 3,550 1 Liu et al., 2015 DMSO solvent < 0.1%; test concentration range was not defined Dugesia japonica FW Mortality 48-h LC50 4,400 1 Li, 2012 Solute: ISO water Dugesia japonica FW Mortality 96-h LC50 3,300 1 Li, 2012 Fish Danio rerio FW Mortality 24-h LC50 4,494.2 2 Meng et al., DMSO solvent did not exceed 0.1%; hatching (18.4 µM) Read the entire page →
From page 289... ... nis (adult nubbins) NOEC included range finder experiments; Used blank and solvent controls; 0.10–1000 μg/L in filtered natural seawater; measured different endpoints for the 2 coral species; measured concentrations for treatments; indicates neither control impacted coral larvae or nubbins Pocillopora damicor- SW Mortality 14-d NOEC 100 2 He et al., 2019c Nominal conc reported, but did have analytical nis (adult nubbins) Read the entire page →
From page 290... ... Pocillopora damicor- SW Bleaching 14-d LOEC > 1,000 He et al., 2019c nis (larvae) Pocillopora damicor- SW Mortality 14-d LOEC > 1,000 He et al., 2019c nis (larvae) Read the entire page →
From page 291... ... rate followed OECD 201 subcapitata Invertebrate Balanus amphitrite SW Immobilization 24-h EC50 > 10,000 2 Tsui et al., 2019 Used DMSO solvent at 0.01% Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 ECHA Nominal concentrations used as saturated solution Fish Danio rerio FW Mortality 96-h LC50 > 82,000 1 ECHA Measured concentration 291 Read the entire page →
From page 292... ... that by 72-h concentrations were below detection levels indicating loss; pH increased Scenedesmus vaculoatus FW Growth 24-h 190 2 Rodil et al., 2009 Used DMSO solvent at 0.1%; included both con inhibition EC50 trols and a test range of 24–400 µg/L Invertebrate Artemia salina SW Mortality 24-h No effect 2 Gackowska et al., Used the Artoxkit M test LC50 2018 Balanus amphitrite SW Immobiliza- 24-h > 10,000 2 Tsui et al., 2019 Used DMSO solvent at 0.01% tion EC50 Chironomus riparius FW Mortality 24h- > 10,000 2 Ozáez et al., 2013 Tested with 3 nominal concentrations using ethanol (4th instar larvae) LC50 solvent at 0.02%; concentrations (100, 1000, 10000 μg/L) Read the entire page →
From page 293... ... bleach ing Seriatopora caliendrum SW Zooxan- 7-d LOEC > 1,000 2 He et al., 2019b (adult) thellae density Fish Cyprinus carpio FW Mortal- 96-h LC50 > 100,000 1 ECHA Used OECD 203 method; test solutions were WAF ity at 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L with % dilutions then filtered to yield clear solution Danio rerio FW Mortal- 96-h NOEC > 2,000 1 Cahova et al., Used OECD 236 with DMSO solvent at 0.01% ity 2021 Danio rerio FW Hatch- 96-h NOEC > 2,000 1 Cahova et al., ing 2021 continued 293 Read the entire page →
From page 294... ... FW Mortal- 48-h NOEC ≥ 1,000,000 1 Kaiser et al., Used DIN 38415-6 protocol with 10, 100, 1,000 ity µg/kg DW 2012a mg/kg sediment DW.; included sediment negative sediment and positive controls, aqueous negative and positive (nominal) controls, and a solvent control Danio rerio (embryos) Read the entire page →
From page 295... ... Chironomus riparius FW Mortal- 28-d NOEC ≥ 50,000 µg/kg 1 Kaiser et al., Used OECD 218 guideline and tested at 0.08, 0.4, (sediment study) ity DW sediment 2012a 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg DW sediment (nominal) Read the entire page →
From page 296... ... Potamopyrgus antipo- FW Reproduc- 56-d 80 µg/kg DW 1 Kaiser et al., Control, solvent control used. Ethyl acetate darum tion (Mean NOEC sediment 2012a solvent. Read the entire page →
From page 297... ... 212.6 µg/kg DW sediment (measured geo mean) Fish Danio rerio FW Gonadal 63-d < 46.9 1 ECHA Used OECD 234 histology NOEC and hepato toxicity Danio rerio FW Gonadal 63-d 46.9 1 ECHA histology LOEC and hepato toxicity Danio rerio FW Length and 63-d < 46.9 1 weight NOEC Danio rerio FW Length and 63-d 46.9 1 weight LOEC Danio rerio FW Mortality 63-d ≥ 46.9 1 ECHA NOEC Danio rerio FW Sex ratio 63-d ≥ 46.9 1 ECHA NOEC Danio rerio FW Hatch rate 63-d ≥ 46.9 1 ECHA NOEC Oryzias latipes (F0: FW Reproduc- 154-d < 50 1 Lee et al., 2019 Used DMSO solvent at 0.01%; included water and 24-hpf began exposure tion (eggs/ NOEC solvent controls; test involved 5 nominal concen through 154-d; mating brood/d) Read the entire page →
From page 298... ... nominal exposure concentrations included 10, 22, 46, 100, 220 mg/L Invertebrate Balanus Amphitrite SW Immobilization 24-h EC50 > 10,000 2 Tsui et al., Used DMSO solvent at 0.01% 5 nominal ex (nauplii) 2019 posure concentrations (100, 300, 1,000, 3,000, 10,000 μg/L) Read the entire page →
From page 299... ... 96-h NOEC > 250 2 Cahova et al., 2021 Leuciscus idus FW Mortality 96-h LC50 > 10,000,000 2 ECHA Used DIN 38412 part 15 with 2 concentra tions: 5,000 and 10,000 mg/L; undissolved chemical was observed at the bottom of aquaria and on the water surface Chronic or Long Term Algae Desmodesmus subspi- FW Growth rate (OECD 72-h NOEC 100,000 2 ECHA Used OECD GD 23 without solvent; tested catus 201) at nominal concentrations of 10, 22, 46, 100, 220 mg/L Phaeodactylum tricor- SW Growth inhibition 72-h EC20 13,950 2 Vieira Nominal concentrations; highest test concen nutum (cell density) Read the entire page →
From page 300... ... measured) mg/ 2017a 1st instar larvae kg WW Chironomus riparius FW Weight imagoes 28-d NOEC > 10 (2.33 2 Campos et al., (water-sediment study) Read the entire page →
From page 301... ... 6 FW Mortality, behavior, 28-d effect No effects up 2 Zhang et al., Used DMSO solvent at 0.01%; tested with months) condition factor to 3,000 (1,249 2016 nominal concentrations of 100, 1,000, 3,000 measured) Read the entire page →
From page 302... ... ; catus DMF/Tween 80 solvent used 46 μl/L Desmodesmus subspi- FW Growth inhibition 72-h IC50 960 2 Sieratowicz et Used ethanol solvent at 0.05% catus al., 2011 Microcystis aeruginosa FW Growth inhibition 10-d EC50 2,460 2 Mao et al., 2017 Used methanol solvent at 0.1%; 10 nominal concentrations; only solvent controls Pseudokirchneriella FW Biomass 72-h EbC50 410 1 ECHA Japanese Standard Test Related to New subcapitata Chemical Substance; no solvent used Pseudokirchneriella FW Growth rate 72-h ErC50 670 1 ECHA Japanese Standard Test Related to New subcapitata Chemical Substance; no solvent used Scenedesmus FW Growth inhibition 96-h EC50 3,640 2 Lee et al., 2020 Used OECD TG 201 with no details on obliquuus whether a solvent was used; tested 5 nominal concentratons (100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 μg/L) ; one control Invertebrate Balanus amphitrite SW Immobilization 24-h EC50 > 10,000 2 Tsui et al., 2019 Used DMSO solvent at 0.01%; tested 5 (nauplii) Read the entire page →
From page 303... ... mann, 2020 Cassiopea xamachana SW Mortality 72-h LOEC 228 2 Fitt and Hof- (planulae) mann, 2020 Tetrahymena ther- FW Growth inhibition 24-h EC50 7,544 2 Gao et al., 2013 Used DMSO solvent at max of 0.1%; 7 con mophila centrations; one control; cell viability in top 2 concentrations showed decreased viability with time Invertebrate Galaxea fascicularis SW Mortality 96-h LC50 6,150 1 Conway et al., Used methanol solvent at 100ul/L except (coral) Read the entire page →
From page 304... ... 2016 Fish Danio rerio FW biological response 48-h EC50 2,410 2 Jang et al., 2016 Used Daphtox Kit F based on OECD 202 test index [(unhatched with methanol solvent at 0.001%; tested 5 egg involving dead concentrations (1,000-10,000 μg/L) ; solvent eggs + total dead and non solvent controls used and from larva + survival graphs mortality seems <10%; MeOH use at abnormal larva) Read the entire page →
From page 305... ... FW Malformation 96-h NOEC > 2000 1 Cahova et al., 2021 Danio rerio (juvenile) FW Mortality 96-h LC50 3,890 2 Du et al., 2017 Used Chinese National Standards test meth od GB/T 21805-2008 with DMSO solvent at unknown volume Danio rerio (juvenile) Read the entire page →
From page 306... ... Daphnia magna FW Body length 21-d NOEC > 200 2 Pablos et al 2015 Daphnia magna FW Mortality, molting & 21-d No effect 2 Boyd et al., Used modified OECD 211 test with 48hr release of broods 2021 exposure and 19 day post-exposure in control water with DMSO solvent at 0.1%; tested 4 nominal concentrations (0.2-200 μg/L) Daphnia carinata FW Mortality 21-d Effects ob- 2 Du et al., 2019a Tested 3 nominal concentrations (0.1, 1 and (neonates) Read the entire page →
From page 307... ... and analytical measurements indicated test concentrations of 2.4, 84, 312 μg/L; em ployed control and solvent controls; NOECs derived from statements in text not stated by author Danio rerio (larvae) FW Mortality, growth 60-d 388 1 Kinnberg et al., 2015 Danio rerio (larvae) Read the entire page →
From page 308... ... FW Hatching rate 28-d Effect 90 Kim et al., 2014 Oryzias latipes (ju- FW Weight, survival, 30-d Effect 30 2 Kim et al., 2014 venile) length, condition index Read the entire page →
From page 309... ... 2018 Chlorella vulgaris FW Growth inhibition 96-h EC50 201,000 2 Du et al., 2017 Used DMSO solvent of unknown amount; (wild type FACHB-24) included blank and solvent controls from pre pared stock sol in BG11 liquid medium Chlorella vulgaris FW Chlorophyll content 13-d LOEC > 100,000 2 Huang et al., (wild type FACHB-24) Read the entire page →
From page 310... ... FW Mortality 96-h LC50 633,000 2 Du et al., 2017 Few details rerio Leuciscus idus FW Mortality 96-h LC50 > 215,000 < 1 ECHA 464,000 Oryzias latipes FW Mortality (larval 96-h LC50 1,803.6 1 Thia et al., Used OECD guidelines with DMSO solvent 7-dph) 2020 at 0.0125% in a static test, without renewal; tested wihtin concentration range of 1-50 µM Chronic or Long Term Invertebrate Daphnia magna FW Reproduction 21-d NOEC 5,000 1 ECHA Invertebrate Pocillopora damicornis SW Larval bleaching 14-d LOEC > 1,000 2 He et al., 2019c Used methanol solvent at 0.02%; tested with (coral) Read the entire page →
From page 311... ... 2013 UVB subcapitata Invertebrate Artemia salina SW Growth inhibition 48-h EC50 4,000 2 Clemente et al., Nano anatase/rutile mixture in presence of 2014 UV Artemia salina SW Growth inhibition 48-h EC50 4,000 2 Clemente et al., Nano anatase in presence of UV 2014 Artemia salina SW Mortality 96-h LC50 > 100,000 1 Ates et al., Nano form 2013a Artemia salina SW Growth inhibition 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 Clemente et al., Nano form (anatase/rutile and anatase) , 2014 visible light only Caenorhabditis FW Reproduction 96-h NOEC 3,000 1 Angelstorf et Nano form elegans al., 2014 Caenorhabditis FW Reproduction 96-h NOEC > 100,000 1 Angelstorf et Bulk form elegans al., 2014 Ceriodaphnia dubia FW Mortality 48-h LC50 7,600 1 Hall et al., Nano form 2009 Ceriodaphnia dubia FW Mortality 48-h LC50 > 10,000 1 Griffitt et al., Nano form 2008 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 48-h LC50 20,000,000 1 ECHA Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 ECHA Daphnia magna FW Mortality 48-h LC50 > 500,000 1 Lovern and Nano form, commercial particles, a mixture Klaper 2006 of anatase and rutile 1 This table was modified after release of the prepublication version of the report to add details on the form of substance considered in some entries, and to add two missing entries. Read the entire page →
From page 312... ... 1,700 mW/cm2 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 72-h EC50 1,620 1 Zhu et al., 2010 Nano form Daphnia magna FW Mortality 72-h LC50 2,020 1 Zhu et al., 2010 Nano form Daphnia magna FW Mortality 8-h LC50 139 2 Mansfield et Nano form, UV al., 2015 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 29,700 1 Amiano et al., Nano form, no UV radiation 2012 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 1,200 2 Amiano et al., Nano form, 0.56 mW/cm2 UVA radiation 2012 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 Wiench et al., Nano and bulk, results from 19 of 25 tests 2009 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 Zhu et al., 2010 Nano form Daphnia pulex FW Mortality 48-h LC50 9,200 1 Hall et al., Nano form 2009 Daphnia pulex (adult) FW Mortality 48-h LC50 > 10,000 1 Griffitt et al., Nano form 2008 Daphnia similus FW Growth inhibition 48-h EC50 60,160 2 Clemente et al., Nano anatase/rutile mixture in presence of 2014 UV Daphnia similus FW Growth inhibition 48-h EC50 750,550 2 Clemente et al., Nano anatase in presence of UV 2014 Daphnia similus FW Growth Inhibition 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 Clemente et al., Nano form (anatase/rutile and anatase) Read the entire page →
From page 313... ... 1,700 mW/cm2 Oryzias latipes FW Mortality 96-h LC50 155,000 1 Ma et al., 2012 Nano form, no UV Pimephales promelas FW Mortality 96-h LC50 > 1,000,000 1 ECHA Pimephales promelas FW Mortality 96-h LC50 500,000 1 Hall et al., Nano form 2009 Amphibian Xenopus laevis FW Mortality 96-h LC50 295,000 1 Zhang et al., Nano form, no UV 2012 Xenopus laevis FW Mortality 96-h LC50 69,600 2 Zhang et al., Nano form, with UV 2012 Chronic or Long Term Algae Raphidocelis (=Pseu- FW Growth inhibition 72-h NOEC 10,100 1 Aruoja et al., Bulk form dokirchneriella) 2009 subcapitata Raphidocelis (=Pseu- FW Growth inhibition 72-h NOEC 980 1 Aruoja et al., Nano form dokirchneriella) Read the entire page →
From page 314... ... Danio rerio FW Reproduction 23-d LOEC 870 2 Ramsden et al., Nano form, only a couple of concentrations 2013 Danio rerio FW Mortality 21-d LOEC 1 2 Bar-Ilan et al., Nano form, UV exposure, significant aggre 2013 gation over 1 um in exposures Oryzias latipes FW Mortality 17-d NOEC 14 2 Paterson et al., Nano form 2011 Pimephales promelas FW Growth 7-d IC25 > 340,000 1 Hall et al., Nano form 2009 Read the entire page →
From page 315... ... rate 2007 subcapitata Raphidocelis FW Population growth 3-d IC50 68 1 Franklin et al., Nano form (=Pseudokirchneriella) rate 2007 subcapitata Skeletonema costatum SW Population growth 4-d IC50 1,850 1 Wong et al., Nano form, based on dissolved ion rate 2010 concentrations Skeletonema costatum SW Population growth 4-d IC50 2,360 1 Wong et al., Nano form rate 2010 Skeletonema costatum SW Population growth 4-d IC50 2,970 1 Wong et al., Bulk form rate 2010 Thalassiosira FW Population growth 4-d IC50 3,280 1 Wong et al., Nano form, based on dissolved ion pseudonana rate 2010 concentrations Thalassiosira FW Population growth 4-d IC50 4,560 1 Wong et al., Nano form pseudonana rate 2010 Thalassiosira FW Population growth 4-d IC50 6,650 1 Wong et al., Bulk form pseudonana rate 2010 Invertebrate Artemia salina SW Mortality 1-d LC50 > 100,000 1 Ates et al., Multiple sizes of nano form 2013b Caenorhabditis FW Progeny counts/ 5-d LOEC 800 1 Wang et al., Nano form elegans numbers 2009 2 This table was modified after release of the prepublication version of the report to add details on the form of substance considered in some entries. Read the entire page →
From page 316... ... TABLE E.9 Continued 316 Organism Biological Effect Value Group Species FW/SW Measurement Statistic (μg/L) Category Citation Additional Considerations Caenorhabditis FW Progeny counts/ 5-d LOEC 1,600 1 Wang et al., Bulk form elegans numbers 2009 Caenorhabditis FW Mortality 1-d LC50 2,200 1 Wang et al., Nano form elegans 2009 Caenorhabditis FW Mortality 1-d LC50 2,300 1 Wang et al., Bulk form elegans 2009 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d EC50 1,700– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used 2010 9,000 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d EC50 6,900– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used 2010 16,200 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d EC50 2,600 1 Blinova et al., Nano form 2010 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d EC50 7,100 1 Blinova et al., Bulk form 2010 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d LC50 8,800 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form 2008 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d NOEC 1,500 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form 2008 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d LC50 3,200 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form 2008 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d NOEC 500 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form 2008 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d LC50 2,140 1 Naddafi et al., Nano form 2011 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 1-d LC50 2,580 1 Naddafi et al., Nano form 2011 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d EC50 1,000 1 Wiench et al., Nano and bulk form 2009 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d EC50 481 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Bulk form Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d LC50 1,250 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Bulk form Read the entire page →
From page 317... ... Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d EC50 622 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Nano form Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d LC50 1,511 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Nano form Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 950 1 Wong et al., Nano form, based on dissolved ion 2010 concentrations Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 370 1 Wong et al., Bulk form 2010 Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 1,190 1 Wong et al., Nano form 2010 Radix luteola FW Mortality 4-d LC50 42,670 1 Ali et al., 2012 Nano form Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 12,400– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used thermophila rate 2010 16,400 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 12,000– 2 Blinova et al., Bulk form, depend on river water used thermophila rate 2010 16,600 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 9,400 1 Blinova et al., Nano form thermophila rate 2010 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 27,100 1 Blinova et al., Bulk form thermophila rate 2010 Tetrahymena FW Mortality 0.17-d EC50 3,900 1 Mortimer et al., Nano form thermophila 2010 Tetrahymena FW Mortality 0.17-d EC50 3,700 1 Mortimer et al., Bulk form thermophila 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d LC50 240 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d NOEC 50 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d LC50 180 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d NOEC 30 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 140 1 Blinova et al., Nano form platyurus 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 190 1 Blinova et al., Bulk form platyurus 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 1,100– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used platyurus 2010 6,000 317 continued Read the entire page →
From page 318... ... zooxanthellae, al., 2018 (nanoparticles > 50% of the total particles) , bleaching minimal test concentrations Fish Danio rerio FW Hatch 3-d LOEC 10,000 2 Xia et al., 2011 Nano form, iron doped, only one concentration Danio rerio FW Survival 3-d NOEC 10,000 2 Xia et al., 2011 Nano form, iron doped, only one concentration Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 2,525 1 Yu et al., 2011 Bulk form Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 3,969 1 Yu et al., 2011 Nano form Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 1,550 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Bulk form Danio rerio FW Hatch 3.5-d EC50 2,066 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Bulk form Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 1,793 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Nano form Danio rerio FW Hatch 3.5-d EC50 2,065 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Nano form Amphibian Xenopus laevis FW Mortality 3.8-d NOEC 500,000 1 Bacchetta et al., Nano form 2012 Xenopus laevis FW Length 4-d NOEC 3,160 1 Nations et al., Nano form 2011 Xenopus laevis FW Deformation 4-d EC50 10,300 1 Nations et al., Nano form 2011 Xenopus laevis FW Stage 4-d NOEC 31,600 1 Nations et al., Nano form 2011 Read the entire page →
From page 319... ... acutus rate 2018 Invertebrate Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d LOEC 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 23-d NOEC 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 63-d NOEC 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations NOEC 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 23-d NOEC 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations NOEC 2012 Corophium volutator FW Development 23-d NOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Development 100-d 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations NOEC 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 23-d LOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 63-d LOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations NOEC 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 23-d LOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d LOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations NOEC 2012 319 continued Read the entire page →
From page 320... ... TABLE E.9 Continued 320 Organism Biological Effect Value Group Species FW/SW Measurement Statistic (μg/L) Category Citation Additional Considerations Corophium volutator FW Mortality 63-d NOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Mortality 63-d NOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Invertebrate Stylophora pistillata SW Photosynthetic 35-d NOEC 24 2 Fel et al., 2019 Unfiltered natural seawater used; measured (coral) Read the entire page →

From page 285...

... Appendix E UV Filter Toxicity Data Tables 285

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From page 286...

... of 100 mg/L, measured below LOD 40 µg/L; concen trations less than 80% of initial concentration Chronic or Long Term Invertebrate Daphnia magna FW Reproduction; body 21-d NOEC ≥ 3 1 ECHA Tested at maximal solubility; DMF solvent used; length; daily im- flow-through system; no effect observed mobilization Daphnia magna FW Mortality 21-d NOEC 20 1 Boyd et al., Noted no survival at 150 µg/L at 7-d 2021 Chironomus riparius FW Mortality 28-d NOEC ≥ 50,000 µg/ 1 Kaiser et al., Nominal (sediment-water test) kg DW 2012a Chironomus riparius FW Reproduction (# 28-d NOEC ≥ 50,000 µg/ 1 Kaiser et al., Nominal (sediment-water test)

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From page 287...

... centrations; likely non-soluble fraction included Fish Danio rerio (embryo) FW Mortality 48-h NOEC 100,000 µg/ 1 Kaiser et al., Nominal (sediment-water test)

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From page 288...

... rate subcapitata Raphidocelis (=Pseu- FW Biomass 72-h EC50 907 1 ECHA Measured geometric mean dokirchneriella) subcapitata Invertebrate Balanus amphitrite SW Immobilization 24-h EC50 2,200 2 Tsui et al., 2019 DMSO 0.01% Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 4,270 1 ECHA 21.1% of filtrate at 100 mg/L Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 3,550 1 Liu et al., 2015 DMSO solvent < 0.1%; test concentration range was not defined Dugesia japonica FW Mortality 48-h LC50 4,400 1 Li, 2012 Solute: ISO water Dugesia japonica FW Mortality 96-h LC50 3,300 1 Li, 2012 Fish Danio rerio FW Mortality 24-h LC50 4,494.2 2 Meng et al., DMSO solvent did not exceed 0.1%; hatching (18.4 µM)

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From page 289...

... nis (adult nubbins) NOEC included range finder experiments; Used blank and solvent controls; 0.10–1000 μg/L in filtered natural seawater; measured different endpoints for the 2 coral species; measured concentrations for treatments; indicates neither control impacted coral larvae or nubbins Pocillopora damicor- SW Mortality 14-d NOEC 100 2 He et al., 2019c Nominal conc reported, but did have analytical nis (adult nubbins)

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From page 290...

... Pocillopora damicor- SW Bleaching 14-d LOEC > 1,000 He et al., 2019c nis (larvae) Pocillopora damicor- SW Mortality 14-d LOEC > 1,000 He et al., 2019c nis (larvae)

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From page 291...

... rate followed OECD 201 subcapitata Invertebrate Balanus amphitrite SW Immobilization 24-h EC50 > 10,000 2 Tsui et al., 2019 Used DMSO solvent at 0.01% Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 ECHA Nominal concentrations used as saturated solution Fish Danio rerio FW Mortality 96-h LC50 > 82,000 1 ECHA Measured concentration 291

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From page 292...

... that by 72-h concentrations were below detection levels indicating loss; pH increased Scenedesmus vaculoatus FW Growth 24-h 190 2 Rodil et al., 2009 Used DMSO solvent at 0.1%; included both con inhibition EC50 trols and a test range of 24–400 µg/L Invertebrate Artemia salina SW Mortality 24-h No effect 2 Gackowska et al., Used the Artoxkit M test LC50 2018 Balanus amphitrite SW Immobiliza- 24-h > 10,000 2 Tsui et al., 2019 Used DMSO solvent at 0.01% tion EC50 Chironomus riparius FW Mortality 24h- > 10,000 2 Ozáez et al., 2013 Tested with 3 nominal concentrations using ethanol (4th instar larvae) LC50 solvent at 0.02%; concentrations (100, 1000, 10000 μg/L)

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From page 293...

... bleach ing Seriatopora caliendrum SW Zooxan- 7-d LOEC > 1,000 2 He et al., 2019b (adult) thellae density Fish Cyprinus carpio FW Mortal- 96-h LC50 > 100,000 1 ECHA Used OECD 203 method; test solutions were WAF ity at 10 mg/L and 100 mg/L with % dilutions then filtered to yield clear solution Danio rerio FW Mortal- 96-h NOEC > 2,000 1 Cahova et al., Used OECD 236 with DMSO solvent at 0.01% ity 2021 Danio rerio FW Hatch- 96-h NOEC > 2,000 1 Cahova et al., ing 2021 continued 293

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From page 294...

... FW Mortal- 48-h NOEC ≥ 1,000,000 1 Kaiser et al., Used DIN 38415-6 protocol with 10, 100, 1,000 ity µg/kg DW 2012a mg/kg sediment DW.; included sediment negative sediment and positive controls, aqueous negative and positive (nominal) controls, and a solvent control Danio rerio (embryos)

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From page 295...

... Chironomus riparius FW Mortal- 28-d NOEC ≥ 50,000 µg/kg 1 Kaiser et al., Used OECD 218 guideline and tested at 0.08, 0.4, (sediment study) ity DW sediment 2012a 2, 10, and 50 mg/kg DW sediment (nominal)

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From page 296...

... Potamopyrgus antipo- FW Reproduc- 56-d 80 µg/kg DW 1 Kaiser et al., Control, solvent control used. Ethyl acetate darum tion (Mean NOEC sediment 2012a solvent.

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From page 297...

... 212.6 µg/kg DW sediment (measured geo mean) Fish Danio rerio FW Gonadal 63-d < 46.9 1 ECHA Used OECD 234 histology NOEC and hepato toxicity Danio rerio FW Gonadal 63-d 46.9 1 ECHA histology LOEC and hepato toxicity Danio rerio FW Length and 63-d < 46.9 1 weight NOEC Danio rerio FW Length and 63-d 46.9 1 weight LOEC Danio rerio FW Mortality 63-d ≥ 46.9 1 ECHA NOEC Danio rerio FW Sex ratio 63-d ≥ 46.9 1 ECHA NOEC Danio rerio FW Hatch rate 63-d ≥ 46.9 1 ECHA NOEC Oryzias latipes (F0: FW Reproduc- 154-d < 50 1 Lee et al., 2019 Used DMSO solvent at 0.01%; included water and 24-hpf began exposure tion (eggs/ NOEC solvent controls; test involved 5 nominal concen through 154-d; mating brood/d)

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From page 298...

... nominal exposure concentrations included 10, 22, 46, 100, 220 mg/L Invertebrate Balanus Amphitrite SW Immobilization 24-h EC50 > 10,000 2 Tsui et al., Used DMSO solvent at 0.01% 5 nominal ex (nauplii) 2019 posure concentrations (100, 300, 1,000, 3,000, 10,000 μg/L)

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From page 299...

... 96-h NOEC > 250 2 Cahova et al., 2021 Leuciscus idus FW Mortality 96-h LC50 > 10,000,000 2 ECHA Used DIN 38412 part 15 with 2 concentra tions: 5,000 and 10,000 mg/L; undissolved chemical was observed at the bottom of aquaria and on the water surface Chronic or Long Term Algae Desmodesmus subspi- FW Growth rate (OECD 72-h NOEC 100,000 2 ECHA Used OECD GD 23 without solvent; tested catus 201) at nominal concentrations of 10, 22, 46, 100, 220 mg/L Phaeodactylum tricor- SW Growth inhibition 72-h EC20 13,950 2 Vieira Nominal concentrations; highest test concen nutum (cell density)

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From page 300...

... measured) mg/ 2017a 1st instar larvae kg WW Chironomus riparius FW Weight imagoes 28-d NOEC > 10 (2.33 2 Campos et al., (water-sediment study)

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From page 301...

... 6 FW Mortality, behavior, 28-d effect No effects up 2 Zhang et al., Used DMSO solvent at 0.01%; tested with months) condition factor to 3,000 (1,249 2016 nominal concentrations of 100, 1,000, 3,000 measured)

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From page 302...

... ; catus DMF/Tween 80 solvent used 46 μl/L Desmodesmus subspi- FW Growth inhibition 72-h IC50 960 2 Sieratowicz et Used ethanol solvent at 0.05% catus al., 2011 Microcystis aeruginosa FW Growth inhibition 10-d EC50 2,460 2 Mao et al., 2017 Used methanol solvent at 0.1%; 10 nominal concentrations; only solvent controls Pseudokirchneriella FW Biomass 72-h EbC50 410 1 ECHA Japanese Standard Test Related to New subcapitata Chemical Substance; no solvent used Pseudokirchneriella FW Growth rate 72-h ErC50 670 1 ECHA Japanese Standard Test Related to New subcapitata Chemical Substance; no solvent used Scenedesmus FW Growth inhibition 96-h EC50 3,640 2 Lee et al., 2020 Used OECD TG 201 with no details on obliquuus whether a solvent was used; tested 5 nominal concentratons (100, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 μg/L) ; one control Invertebrate Balanus amphitrite SW Immobilization 24-h EC50 > 10,000 2 Tsui et al., 2019 Used DMSO solvent at 0.01%; tested 5 (nauplii)

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From page 303...

... mann, 2020 Cassiopea xamachana SW Mortality 72-h LOEC 228 2 Fitt and Hof- (planulae) mann, 2020 Tetrahymena ther- FW Growth inhibition 24-h EC50 7,544 2 Gao et al., 2013 Used DMSO solvent at max of 0.1%; 7 con mophila centrations; one control; cell viability in top 2 concentrations showed decreased viability with time Invertebrate Galaxea fascicularis SW Mortality 96-h LC50 6,150 1 Conway et al., Used methanol solvent at 100ul/L except (coral)

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From page 304...

... 2016 Fish Danio rerio FW biological response 48-h EC50 2,410 2 Jang et al., 2016 Used Daphtox Kit F based on OECD 202 test index [(unhatched with methanol solvent at 0.001%; tested 5 egg involving dead concentrations (1,000-10,000 μg/L) ; solvent eggs + total dead and non solvent controls used and from larva + survival graphs mortality seems <10%; MeOH use at abnormal larva)

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From page 305...

... FW Malformation 96-h NOEC > 2000 1 Cahova et al., 2021 Danio rerio (juvenile) FW Mortality 96-h LC50 3,890 2 Du et al., 2017 Used Chinese National Standards test meth od GB/T 21805-2008 with DMSO solvent at unknown volume Danio rerio (juvenile)

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From page 306...

... Daphnia magna FW Body length 21-d NOEC > 200 2 Pablos et al 2015 Daphnia magna FW Mortality, molting & 21-d No effect 2 Boyd et al., Used modified OECD 211 test with 48hr release of broods 2021 exposure and 19 day post-exposure in control water with DMSO solvent at 0.1%; tested 4 nominal concentrations (0.2-200 μg/L) Daphnia carinata FW Mortality 21-d Effects ob- 2 Du et al., 2019a Tested 3 nominal concentrations (0.1, 1 and (neonates)

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From page 307...

... and analytical measurements indicated test concentrations of 2.4, 84, 312 μg/L; em ployed control and solvent controls; NOECs derived from statements in text not stated by author Danio rerio (larvae) FW Mortality, growth 60-d 388 1 Kinnberg et al., 2015 Danio rerio (larvae)

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From page 308...

... FW Hatching rate 28-d Effect 90 Kim et al., 2014 Oryzias latipes (ju- FW Weight, survival, 30-d Effect 30 2 Kim et al., 2014 venile) length, condition index

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From page 309...

... 2018 Chlorella vulgaris FW Growth inhibition 96-h EC50 201,000 2 Du et al., 2017 Used DMSO solvent of unknown amount; (wild type FACHB-24) included blank and solvent controls from pre pared stock sol in BG11 liquid medium Chlorella vulgaris FW Chlorophyll content 13-d LOEC > 100,000 2 Huang et al., (wild type FACHB-24)

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From page 310...

... FW Mortality 96-h LC50 633,000 2 Du et al., 2017 Few details rerio Leuciscus idus FW Mortality 96-h LC50 > 215,000 < 1 ECHA 464,000 Oryzias latipes FW Mortality (larval 96-h LC50 1,803.6 1 Thia et al., Used OECD guidelines with DMSO solvent 7-dph) 2020 at 0.0125% in a static test, without renewal; tested wihtin concentration range of 1-50 µM Chronic or Long Term Invertebrate Daphnia magna FW Reproduction 21-d NOEC 5,000 1 ECHA Invertebrate Pocillopora damicornis SW Larval bleaching 14-d LOEC > 1,000 2 He et al., 2019c Used methanol solvent at 0.02%; tested with (coral)

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From page 311...

... 2013 UVB subcapitata Invertebrate Artemia salina SW Growth inhibition 48-h EC50 4,000 2 Clemente et al., Nano anatase/rutile mixture in presence of 2014 UV Artemia salina SW Growth inhibition 48-h EC50 4,000 2 Clemente et al., Nano anatase in presence of UV 2014 Artemia salina SW Mortality 96-h LC50 > 100,000 1 Ates et al., Nano form 2013a Artemia salina SW Growth inhibition 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 Clemente et al., Nano form (anatase/rutile and anatase) , 2014 visible light only Caenorhabditis FW Reproduction 96-h NOEC 3,000 1 Angelstorf et Nano form elegans al., 2014 Caenorhabditis FW Reproduction 96-h NOEC > 100,000 1 Angelstorf et Bulk form elegans al., 2014 Ceriodaphnia dubia FW Mortality 48-h LC50 7,600 1 Hall et al., Nano form 2009 Ceriodaphnia dubia FW Mortality 48-h LC50 > 10,000 1 Griffitt et al., Nano form 2008 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 48-h LC50 20,000,000 1 ECHA Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 ECHA Daphnia magna FW Mortality 48-h LC50 > 500,000 1 Lovern and Nano form, commercial particles, a mixture Klaper 2006 of anatase and rutile 1 This table was modified after release of the prepublication version of the report to add details on the form of substance considered in some entries, and to add two missing entries.

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From page 312...

... 1,700 mW/cm2 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 72-h EC50 1,620 1 Zhu et al., 2010 Nano form Daphnia magna FW Mortality 72-h LC50 2,020 1 Zhu et al., 2010 Nano form Daphnia magna FW Mortality 8-h LC50 139 2 Mansfield et Nano form, UV al., 2015 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 29,700 1 Amiano et al., Nano form, no UV radiation 2012 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 1,200 2 Amiano et al., Nano form, 0.56 mW/cm2 UVA radiation 2012 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 Wiench et al., Nano and bulk, results from 19 of 25 tests 2009 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 Zhu et al., 2010 Nano form Daphnia pulex FW Mortality 48-h LC50 9,200 1 Hall et al., Nano form 2009 Daphnia pulex (adult) FW Mortality 48-h LC50 > 10,000 1 Griffitt et al., Nano form 2008 Daphnia similus FW Growth inhibition 48-h EC50 60,160 2 Clemente et al., Nano anatase/rutile mixture in presence of 2014 UV Daphnia similus FW Growth inhibition 48-h EC50 750,550 2 Clemente et al., Nano anatase in presence of UV 2014 Daphnia similus FW Growth Inhibition 48-h EC50 > 100,000 1 Clemente et al., Nano form (anatase/rutile and anatase)

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From page 313...

... 1,700 mW/cm2 Oryzias latipes FW Mortality 96-h LC50 155,000 1 Ma et al., 2012 Nano form, no UV Pimephales promelas FW Mortality 96-h LC50 > 1,000,000 1 ECHA Pimephales promelas FW Mortality 96-h LC50 500,000 1 Hall et al., Nano form 2009 Amphibian Xenopus laevis FW Mortality 96-h LC50 295,000 1 Zhang et al., Nano form, no UV 2012 Xenopus laevis FW Mortality 96-h LC50 69,600 2 Zhang et al., Nano form, with UV 2012 Chronic or Long Term Algae Raphidocelis (=Pseu- FW Growth inhibition 72-h NOEC 10,100 1 Aruoja et al., Bulk form dokirchneriella) 2009 subcapitata Raphidocelis (=Pseu- FW Growth inhibition 72-h NOEC 980 1 Aruoja et al., Nano form dokirchneriella)

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From page 314...

... Danio rerio FW Reproduction 23-d LOEC 870 2 Ramsden et al., Nano form, only a couple of concentrations 2013 Danio rerio FW Mortality 21-d LOEC 1 2 Bar-Ilan et al., Nano form, UV exposure, significant aggre 2013 gation over 1 um in exposures Oryzias latipes FW Mortality 17-d NOEC 14 2 Paterson et al., Nano form 2011 Pimephales promelas FW Growth 7-d IC25 > 340,000 1 Hall et al., Nano form 2009

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From page 315...

... rate 2007 subcapitata Raphidocelis FW Population growth 3-d IC50 68 1 Franklin et al., Nano form (=Pseudokirchneriella) rate 2007 subcapitata Skeletonema costatum SW Population growth 4-d IC50 1,850 1 Wong et al., Nano form, based on dissolved ion rate 2010 concentrations Skeletonema costatum SW Population growth 4-d IC50 2,360 1 Wong et al., Nano form rate 2010 Skeletonema costatum SW Population growth 4-d IC50 2,970 1 Wong et al., Bulk form rate 2010 Thalassiosira FW Population growth 4-d IC50 3,280 1 Wong et al., Nano form, based on dissolved ion pseudonana rate 2010 concentrations Thalassiosira FW Population growth 4-d IC50 4,560 1 Wong et al., Nano form pseudonana rate 2010 Thalassiosira FW Population growth 4-d IC50 6,650 1 Wong et al., Bulk form pseudonana rate 2010 Invertebrate Artemia salina SW Mortality 1-d LC50 > 100,000 1 Ates et al., Multiple sizes of nano form 2013b Caenorhabditis FW Progeny counts/ 5-d LOEC 800 1 Wang et al., Nano form elegans numbers 2009 2 This table was modified after release of the prepublication version of the report to add details on the form of substance considered in some entries.

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From page 316...

... TABLE E.9 Continued 316 Organism Biological Effect Value Group Species FW/SW Measurement Statistic (μg/L) Category Citation Additional Considerations Caenorhabditis FW Progeny counts/ 5-d LOEC 1,600 1 Wang et al., Bulk form elegans numbers 2009 Caenorhabditis FW Mortality 1-d LC50 2,200 1 Wang et al., Nano form elegans 2009 Caenorhabditis FW Mortality 1-d LC50 2,300 1 Wang et al., Bulk form elegans 2009 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d EC50 1,700– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used 2010 9,000 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d EC50 6,900– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used 2010 16,200 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d EC50 2,600 1 Blinova et al., Nano form 2010 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d EC50 7,100 1 Blinova et al., Bulk form 2010 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d LC50 8,800 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form 2008 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d NOEC 1,500 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form 2008 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d LC50 3,200 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form 2008 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d NOEC 500 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form 2008 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d LC50 2,140 1 Naddafi et al., Nano form 2011 Daphnia magna FW Mortality 1-d LC50 2,580 1 Naddafi et al., Nano form 2011 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d EC50 1,000 1 Wiench et al., Nano and bulk form 2009 Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d EC50 481 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Bulk form Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d LC50 1,250 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Bulk form

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From page 317...

... Daphnia magna FW Immobilization 2-d EC50 622 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Nano form Daphnia magna FW Mortality 2-d LC50 1,511 1 Zhu et al., 2009 Nano form Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 950 1 Wong et al., Nano form, based on dissolved ion 2010 concentrations Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 370 1 Wong et al., Bulk form 2010 Elasmopus rapax FW Mortality 4-d LC50 1,190 1 Wong et al., Nano form 2010 Radix luteola FW Mortality 4-d LC50 42,670 1 Ali et al., 2012 Nano form Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 12,400– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used thermophila rate 2010 16,400 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 12,000– 2 Blinova et al., Bulk form, depend on river water used thermophila rate 2010 16,600 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 9,400 1 Blinova et al., Nano form thermophila rate 2010 Tetrahymena FW Population growth 1-d EC50 27,100 1 Blinova et al., Bulk form thermophila rate 2010 Tetrahymena FW Mortality 0.17-d EC50 3,900 1 Mortimer et al., Nano form thermophila 2010 Tetrahymena FW Mortality 0.17-d EC50 3,700 1 Mortimer et al., Bulk form thermophila 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d LC50 240 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d NOEC 50 1 Heinlaan et al., Bulk form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d LC50 180 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 1-d NOEC 30 1 Heinlaan et al., Nano form platyurus 2008 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 140 1 Blinova et al., Nano form platyurus 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 190 1 Blinova et al., Bulk form platyurus 2010 Thamnocephalus FW Mortality 2-d EC50 1,100– 2 Blinova et al., Nano form, depends on river water used platyurus 2010 6,000 317 continued

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From page 318...

... zooxanthellae, al., 2018 (nanoparticles > 50% of the total particles) , bleaching minimal test concentrations Fish Danio rerio FW Hatch 3-d LOEC 10,000 2 Xia et al., 2011 Nano form, iron doped, only one concentration Danio rerio FW Survival 3-d NOEC 10,000 2 Xia et al., 2011 Nano form, iron doped, only one concentration Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 2,525 1 Yu et al., 2011 Bulk form Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 3,969 1 Yu et al., 2011 Nano form Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 1,550 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Bulk form Danio rerio FW Hatch 3.5-d EC50 2,066 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Bulk form Danio rerio FW Mortality 4-d LC50 1,793 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Nano form Danio rerio FW Hatch 3.5-d EC50 2,065 1 Zhu et al., 2008 Nano form Amphibian Xenopus laevis FW Mortality 3.8-d NOEC 500,000 1 Bacchetta et al., Nano form 2012 Xenopus laevis FW Length 4-d NOEC 3,160 1 Nations et al., Nano form 2011 Xenopus laevis FW Deformation 4-d EC50 10,300 1 Nations et al., Nano form 2011 Xenopus laevis FW Stage 4-d NOEC 31,600 1 Nations et al., Nano form 2011

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From page 319...

... acutus rate 2018 Invertebrate Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d LOEC 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 23-d NOEC 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 63-d NOEC 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations NOEC 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 23-d NOEC 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d 500 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations NOEC 2012 Corophium volutator FW Development 23-d NOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Development 100-d 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations NOEC 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 23-d LOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 63-d LOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations NOEC 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 23-d LOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d LOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Growth 100-d 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations NOEC 2012 319 continued

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From page 320...

... TABLE E.9 Continued 320 Organism Biological Effect Value Group Species FW/SW Measurement Statistic (μg/L) Category Citation Additional Considerations Corophium volutator FW Mortality 63-d NOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Corophium volutator FW Mortality 63-d NOEC 1,000 2 Fabrega et al., Nano form, only 3 concentrations 2012 Invertebrate Stylophora pistillata SW Photosynthetic 35-d NOEC 24 2 Fel et al., 2019 Unfiltered natural seawater used; measured (coral)

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Appendix E: UV Filter Toxicity Data Tables Pages 285-320

Appendix E: UV Filter Toxicity Data Tables
Pages 285-320